Analysis Tools
reproductive system
 N |
• female mice exhibit normal reproductive ability
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• concentration of epididymal spermatozoa is significantly decreased at 4 months of age
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• percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa with disordered flagella and sperm heads (e.g. coiled tails, bent sperm necks, and bent or unclear sperm heads) are significantly increased
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• disordered sperm flagella including round tails are observed
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• bent sperm midpieces are observed
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• coiled sperm tails are observed
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• bent or unclear sperm heads are observed
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• TEM revealed multinuclear spermatids with chromatin aggregation, nuclear fragmentation, vacuoles, and destroyed organelles
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• number of TUNEL+ germ cells per seminiferous tubule is significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 months of age, indicating apoptotic degeneration of spermatids and spermatocytes
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• large TUNEL+ spermatocytes are observed in the testes at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
• Bax mRNA expression levels and Bax/Bcl2 ratios are significantly increased at 8 months of age
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• percentage of irregularly moving sperm cells is drastically increased
• however, no defect in sperm capacitation is observed
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• percentage of normal hyperactive sperm cells is reduced to half of that in control testes
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• testicular histology is drastically abnormal at 4 and 8 months, but not at 2 months of age
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• large multinuclear spermatids and intercellular space are observed at 4 months of age
• large clear lumen regions with severely reduced spermatids are noted at 8 months of age
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• protein expression and localization of GJA1 (also known as Cx43) are disordered in Sertoli cells: Cx43-positive signals are slightly moved to the inner side of the seminiferous tubules at 4 months and their intensity is markedly reduced at 8 months
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small testis
(
J:307381
)
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• testes are significantly smaller at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
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• testis weight is significantly reduced at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
• however, serum testosterone levels are normal at all tested ages
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• testes show substantial atrophy in the seminiferous tubules at 4 and 8 months
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• males exhibit late-onset infertility with loss of reproductive ability noted at 3 and 6 months but not at 2 months of age
• however, copulatory plugs are observed in mated wild-type females
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cellular
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• concentration of epididymal spermatozoa is significantly decreased at 4 months of age
|
|
|
• percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa with disordered flagella and sperm heads (e.g. coiled tails, bent sperm necks, and bent or unclear sperm heads) are significantly increased
|
|
|
• disordered sperm flagella including round tails are observed
|
|
|
• bent sperm midpieces are observed
|
|
|
• coiled sperm tails are observed
|
|
|
• bent or unclear sperm heads are observed
|
|
|
• TEM revealed multinuclear spermatids with chromatin aggregation, nuclear fragmentation, vacuoles, and destroyed organelles
|
|
|
• number of TUNEL+ germ cells per seminiferous tubule is significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 months of age, indicating apoptotic degeneration of spermatids and spermatocytes
|
|
|
• large TUNEL+ spermatocytes are observed in the testes at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
• Bax mRNA expression levels and Bax/Bcl2 ratios are significantly increased at 8 months of age
|
|
|
• percentage of irregularly moving sperm cells is drastically increased
• however, no defect in sperm capacitation is observed
|
|
|
• percentage of normal hyperactive sperm cells is reduced to half of that in control testes
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• large TUNEL+ spermatocytes are observed in the testes at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
• Bax mRNA expression levels and Bax/Bcl2 ratios are significantly increased at 8 months of age
|
|
|
• testicular histology is drastically abnormal at 4 and 8 months, but not at 2 months of age
|
|
|
• large multinuclear spermatids and intercellular space are observed at 4 months of age
• large clear lumen regions with severely reduced spermatids are noted at 8 months of age
|
|
|
• protein expression and localization of GJA1 (also known as Cx43) are disordered in Sertoli cells: Cx43-positive signals are slightly moved to the inner side of the seminiferous tubules at 4 months and their intensity is markedly reduced at 8 months
|
small testis
(
J:307381
)
|
|
• testes are significantly smaller at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
|
|
|
• testis weight is significantly reduced at 2, 4 and 8 months of age
• however, serum testosterone levels are normal at all tested ages
|
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• testes show substantial atrophy in the seminiferous tubules at 4 and 8 months
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