Analysis Tools
reproductive system
 N |
• female mice are fully fertile and produce litters of normal size
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• most spermatozoa exhibit a coiled or bent flagellum as the main morphological defect
• no basal body defects are observed
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• abnormal distribution of the outer dense fibers (ODFs) is often observed
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• TEM analysis of sperm flagella in longitudinal sections revealed a distorted axoneme
• cross-sections show various ultrastructural defects, including lack of peripheral doublets, absence of the central pair or abnormal distribution of the doublet microtubules or/and of the ODFs
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• the central pair complex (CP) is often missing
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• mean % of sperm with absent flagella is 8.10% versus 3.55% in wild-type controls
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• mean % of sperm with coiled flagella is 27.60% versus 14.82% in wild-type controls
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• mean % of sperm with bent flagella is 34.43% versus 10.37% in wild-type controls
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• mean % of sperm with short flagella is 13.36% versus 3.54% in wild-type controls
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• total cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than in wild-type males
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• cauda epididymal sperm show a significant decrease in total and progressive motility
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• 8- to 12-wk-old males are completely infertile when mated with wild-type females
• however, the ratio of testes to body weight and overall morphology of male germ cells are relatively normal
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• in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) assays, the rate of 2-cell embryo formation is significantly lower than in wild-type controls (56.18% versus 91.11%, respectively)
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cellular
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• most spermatozoa exhibit a coiled or bent flagellum as the main morphological defect
• no basal body defects are observed
|
|
|
• abnormal distribution of the outer dense fibers (ODFs) is often observed
|
|
|
• TEM analysis of sperm flagella in longitudinal sections revealed a distorted axoneme
• cross-sections show various ultrastructural defects, including lack of peripheral doublets, absence of the central pair or abnormal distribution of the doublet microtubules or/and of the ODFs
|
|
|
• the central pair complex (CP) is often missing
|
|
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• mean % of sperm with absent flagella is 8.10% versus 3.55% in wild-type controls
|
|
|
• mean % of sperm with coiled flagella is 27.60% versus 14.82% in wild-type controls
|
|
|
• mean % of sperm with bent flagella is 34.43% versus 10.37% in wild-type controls
|
|
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• mean % of sperm with short flagella is 13.36% versus 3.54% in wild-type controls
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• total cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than in wild-type males
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• cauda epididymal sperm show a significant decrease in total and progressive motility
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embryo
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• after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a significantly lower rate of 2-cell embryos (56.18% versus 91.11%) and blastocyst formation (7% versus 31.7%, respectively) is observed relative to wild-type controls
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nervous system
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N |
• hydrocephaly is NOT observed
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