adipose tissue
• when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
digestive/alimentary system
• decreased apoptosis in colon tissue and epithelium when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• healthier villi with uniform length in colon when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• smaller mitochondria with higher matrix density in colon when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• thicker intestinal wall with increased smooth muscle and mucosal layers when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• reduced severity of DSS-induced colitis: less body weight loss, lower disease activity index (DAI) and reduced colon atrophy (reduced damage to colon crypts and mucosal structures and lower histology severity score)
• reduced inflammatory macrophage and neutrophil infiltration of colon during DSS-induced colitis
• improved barrier function: reduced Salmonella invasion (orally inoculated) of intestine during DSS-induced colitis
|
hematopoietic system
N |
• normal blood macrophage and T cell numbers during DSS-induced colitis
|
• reduced blood neutrophil numbers during DSS-induced colitis
|
liver/biliary system
• when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
cellular
• higher matrix density in colon enterocytes when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• in colon enterocytes when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• increased in colon enterocytes when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• decreased apoptosis in colon tissue and epithelium when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
immune system
• reduced severity of DSS-induced colitis: less body weight loss, lower disease activity index (DAI) and reduced colon atrophy (reduced damage to colon crypts and mucosal structures and lower histology severity score)
• reduced inflammatory macrophage and neutrophil infiltration of colon during DSS-induced colitis
• improved barrier function: reduced Salmonella invasion (orally inoculated) of intestine during DSS-induced colitis
|
• reduced blood neutrophil numbers during DSS-induced colitis
|
growth/size/body
• higher body weight gain when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
(J:313048)
• higher body fat mass and larger liver when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
(J:313048)
|
|
• higher epididymal fat pad mass when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
(J:313048)
|
• when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
mortality/aging
• reduced severity of DSS-induced colitis: less body weight loss, lower disease activity index (DAI) and reduced colon atrophy (reduced damage to colon crypts and mucosal structures and lower histology severity score)
• reduced inflammatory macrophage and neutrophil infiltration of colon during DSS-induced colitis
• improved barrier function: reduced Salmonella invasion (orally inoculated) of intestine during DSS-induced colitis
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• increased in colon enterocytes when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• higher body weight gain when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
(J:313048)
• higher body fat mass and larger liver when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
(J:313048)
|
|
• higher epididymal fat pad mass when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
(J:313048)
|
• increased pancreatic insulin secretion when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• increased insulin tolerance when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• reduced insulin sensitivity in liver and skeletal muscle when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
behavior/neurological
• in day and night periods when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|