adipose tissue
N |
• normal white adipose tissue morphology
|
• 20% decrease when fed normal chow (NCD)
• normal when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
liver/biliary system
N |
• normal liver morphology
|
• when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• reduced hepatic triglyceride levels when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
growth/size/body
N |
• normal body weight when fed normal chow (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• 20% decrease when fed normal chow (NCD)
• normal when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
embryo
N |
• mice born at normal Mendelian ratios
|
cellular
• increased hepatocyte oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and 25% increase in maximal respiration in vitro when fed normal chow (NCD)
• increased oxygen flux per mass in liver tissue in vitro when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• increased efficiency in generation of ATP from fatty acids (increased respiratory control ratio, decreased LEAK control ratio) in liver tissue in vitro when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• normal energy expenditure, plasma insulin level after glucose administration and respiratory exchange rate (RER) when fed normal chow (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD)
• normal liver glycogen storage when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• normal hepatic ceramide and plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• normal hepatic de novo lipogenesis when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
• reduced blood glucose level after glucose administration when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• normal glucose tolerance level after glucose administration when fed normal chow (NCD)
|
• improved insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous hepatic glucose production when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
• normal peripheral insulin sensitivity when fed high-fat diet (HFD)
|
behavior/neurological
N |
• normal locomotor activity, energy expenditure and food intake when fed normal chow (NCD)
|
mortality/aging
N |
• viable
|
muscle
N |
• normal skeletal muscle morphology
|
nervous system
N |
• normal brain morphology
|
renal/urinary system
N |
• normal kidney morph
|