reproductive system
N |
• sperm morphology is normal
|
• inflexible
|
• decrease in average path velocity, straight-line velocity, and curvilinear velocity
• however, the percentage of motile sperm is normal
|
• severely impaired fertility
|
• using mutant sperm in vitro despite removing the cumulus cells
• however, removing the cumulus cells and zona pellucida restores fertilization
|
cellular
• inflexible
|
• decrease in average path velocity, straight-line velocity, and curvilinear velocity
• however, the percentage of motile sperm is normal
|