mortality/aging
• embryos survive to at least E18 but 92% of newborn pups do not survive more than 24 hours. with most dying less than 30 min after birth; only 2 pups survive to at least 21 days
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homeostasis/metabolism
• in less than 30 min after birth, pups slowly become cyanotic and die
• however, pups are able to feed milk from mothers at birth
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respiratory system
• cross-sections of P0 lungs show fewer and smaller clear spaces (air), indicating less air in lungs
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growth/size/body
• the 2 pups that survive to P21 are smaller
• one male pup that survived to 100 days eventually caught up in size and weight
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• gross morphology and weight at E18 are normal, however the 2 pups that survive to P21 weigh 31% of that of wild-type mice
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behavior/neurological
• pups surviving to P21 show motor activity differences, with erratic and jumpy behavior
• one male pup that survived to 100 days showed loss of twitching behavior over time
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reproductive system
• one male pup that survived to 100 days is sterile
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nervous system
N |
• no difference in overall development or axonal outgrowth is seen at E12.5
• nerve innervation of the rib cage muscles and the diaphragm are normal at E18
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