homeostasis/metabolism
• adult and elderly mice show decreased rotarod exercise performance; motor performance is decreased by 42.2 s in adults and 69.3 s in elderly mice
• rotarod motor performance is decreased with increasing age with maximum deficiency in the elderly group
• in the treadmill exercise performance test, adult and elderly mice show a slighter shorter distance traveled
|
• level of blood total cholesterol is elevated
|
• serum free fatty acid concentration is increased 1.7-fold in adult (23-25 weeks of age) mice
|
• concentration of serum triglycerides is increased at 9-10 weeks of age and 23-25 weeks of age
|
• energy consumption of elderly mice in the dark condition is decreased by up to 21%
|
• adult and elderly mice exhibit lower energy expenditure during both day and night
• energy expenditure rate is reduced in adults and further reduced in elder mice
|
• elderly mice exhibit low carbon dioxide production
|
• elderly mice exhibit low oxygen consumption
|
• free fatty acid level in liver is increased by 1.9-fold in elderly (41-55 weeks of age) mice
|
• increase in free fatty acid level in EDL muscle
|
liver/biliary system
• free fatty acid level in liver is increased by 1.9-fold in elderly (41-55 weeks of age) mice
|
• increase in lipid droplets and lipid accumulation in the liver of elderly mice
• elderly mice over 41 weeks of age exhibit severe liver steatosis
• however, hepatic steatosis is not seen at 25 weeks or earlier
|
• liver fibrosis is seen in areas of hepatic steatosis
• however, hepatic fibrosis is not seen at 25 weeks or earlier
|
muscle
• increase in free fatty acid level in EDL muscle
|
• greater than 5.7-fold increase in the perimysium area of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of 25-week-old mice
• marker analysis indicates impaired muscle differentiation
|
• 30% decrease in EDL muscle myofibers in 25-week-old mice
|
behavior/neurological
• in a forced rotarod exercise paradigm, motor learning ability during consecutive experimental days does not improve in mutant mice compared to wild-type littermates indicating that exercise learning ability is affected
|
• adult and elderly mice show decreased rotarod exercise performance; motor performance is decreased by 42.2 s in adults and 69.3 s in elderly mice
• rotarod motor performance is decreased with increasing age with maximum deficiency in the elderly group
• in the treadmill exercise performance test, adult and elderly mice show a slighter shorter distance traveled
|
growth/size/body
• body weights gradually change over 10 weeks from weeks 6 to 16, with elderly mice showing a greater than 1.3-fold increase in body weight
|