Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• 2- to 3-month-old females are fertile with no significant differences in the average number of offspring per litter, birth rate, or number of spontaneously ovulated eggs relative to wild-type females
• in normal breeding, the fertility of 7- to 8-month-old females is similar to that of wild-type controls
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• TUNEL staining showed increased labeling of granulosa cells in follicles going through atresia
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• females show signs of polycystic ovary morphology with a higher number of atretic antral follicles but without displaying cyst formation
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• ovaries from 3.5-month-old mice show significantly higher numbers of antral pre-ovulatory follicles in proestrus than ovaries from wild-type females
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• ovaries from 3.5-month-old mice show significantly lower numbers of early antral follicles in proestrus than ovaries from wild-type females
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• ovaries exhibit a higher number of atretic antral follicles than wild-type ovaries
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• females show an increased transition of early antral follicles into pre-ovulatory antral follicles
• altered follicle maturation leads to a higher number of antral follicles with an atretic phenotype
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• after induction of superovulation with gonadotropins (PMSG + hCG), 1-month-old females produce a significantly higher number of ovulated eggs than wild-type controls
• however, IVF studies show a comparable success rate in blastula formation as when using eggs from wild-type females
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• when monitoring the estrous cycle of virgin females for 1 month, the estrous cycle rhythm is dysregulated with females showing shortened luteal stages while remaining
in the estrus stage for a longer time
• however, females cycle in a regular fashion and give rise to litters at a similar rate as wild-type females
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• females exhibit a significantly lower % of days in diestrus
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• females exhibit a significantly higher % of days in estrus
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• females exhibit a significantly lower % of days in proestrus and diestrus
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• TUNEL staining showed increased labeling of granulosa cells in follicles going through atresia
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• females show signs of polycystic ovary morphology with a higher number of atretic antral follicles but without displaying cyst formation
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• ovaries from 3.5-month-old mice show significantly higher numbers of antral pre-ovulatory follicles in proestrus than ovaries from wild-type females
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• ovaries from 3.5-month-old mice show significantly lower numbers of early antral follicles in proestrus than ovaries from wild-type females
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• ovaries exhibit a higher number of atretic antral follicles than wild-type ovaries
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• females show an increased transition of early antral follicles into pre-ovulatory antral follicles
• altered follicle maturation leads to a higher number of antral follicles with an atretic phenotype
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cellular
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• TUNEL staining showed increased labeling of granulosa cells in follicles going through atresia
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