Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• mice exhibit lower body weight from 4 weeks of age to adulthood
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• 12-week-old mice are smaller in length
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• mice show delayed growth
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behavior/neurological
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• in the novel object recognition test, mice show defective memory of a previously explored object showing comparable exploration duration for the novel and familiar object
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• females, but not males, bury more marbles than wild-type mice
• in the light-dark box test, males, but not females, show reduced preference for the light box and spend less time in it, indicating increased anxiety
• females step into the light box fewer times, but dwelling time in the light chamber is normal, indicating mild anxiety-like behavior
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• males, but not females, show decreased center distance in the open-field test
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• males, but not females, exhibit enhanced self-grooming frequency
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• in the three-chamber sociability test, mice show no preference for interacting with the stranger mouse
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• mice do not show a social novelty preference for a stranger mouse
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nervous system
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• brain is lighter, while having a larger brain to body ratio
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• larger brain to body ratio, however brain is lighter
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• the SATB2+ neurons which are predominately in cortical layers 2-4 are reduced in the cortex at E18 and P1, indicating a laminar disorganization of superficial cortical neurons
• however, the numbers of deep-layer neurons are normal
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• thinner cortex at E18
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• mice show a deficit in neurogenesis, with decreased number of TBR2+ neuronal precursor cells at E16, and a large quantity of BrdU+ cells in the cortex that aggregate in the intermediate zone region compared to the majority of BrdU+ neurons located in the cortical plate in wild-type mice
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• cultured neurons from E16-18 mutants show a decline in neurite number and total length on DIV5
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• cultured neurons develop a sparsness-like morphology at DIV14 characterized by fewer intersections at 30-80 um from the cell body indicating reduced dendritic complexity
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• proportion of thin immature spines is larger in cultured neurons
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• density of mature mushroom-shaped dendritic spines is lower in pyramidal neurons
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• total spine density is decreased in pyramidal neurons of adults; the densities of both immature (filopodia and long thin) and mature mushroom-shaped dendritic spines are lower in pyramidal neurons
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• cultured cortical neurons generate fewer spines, especially mushroom-like mature spines, on DIV18 in secondary or tertiary branches
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• total spine density is decreased in pyramidal neurons of adults; the densities of both immature (filopodia and long thin) and mature mushroom-shaped dendritic spines are lower in pyramidal neurons
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• total number of TBR2+ neuronal precursor cells is decreased at E16
• TBR2+ cells are reduced in the intermedia zone and ventricular zone of the cortex
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