Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• at 3 months of age, ovaries exhibit significantly more TUNEL-positive granulosa cells than wild-type ovaries
• at 1- and 3 months of age, ovaries contain significantly more cleaved Caspase3-positive granulosa cells than wild-type ovaries
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• number of PCNA-positive as well as pHIS3-positive granulosa cells is significantly reduced at 1- and 3 months of age
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• number of corpora lutea is significantly decreased at 1- and 3 months of age
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• number of primary follicles is significantly reduced at 1- and 3 months of age
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• number of primordial follicles is slightly reduced at P9 and significantly reduced at 3 weeks and at 1-, 3-, and 9 months of age
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• number of secondary follicles is significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 9 months of age
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• number of early antral and antral follicles is significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 9 months of age
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• number of atretic follicles is significantly increased at 1- and 3 months of age
• however, autophagy levels are normal at 1- and 3 months of age
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• female mice exhibit progressive loss of ovarian follicles and follicle development arrest
• most follicles are impeded in the primary or secondary stages
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small ovary
(
J:323073
)
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• ovaries are significantly smaller at 3 and 9 months of age
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• at 3 and 9 months of age, the ratio of ovary/body weight is significantly lower than that in wild-type females
• however, no difference in body weight is observed at 3 or 9 months of age relative to wild-type controls
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• females exhibit both premature depletion of the primordial follicle pool and gradual loss of all stages of ovarian follicles
• premature ovarian failure is due to downregulation of Gdf9 (growth differentiation factor 9)
• at 3 months of age, protein levels of GDF9 are significantly decreased in both ovary and oocyte lysates; mRNA levels of Gdf9 are also decreased in oocytes
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• following induction of superovulation in 3-month-old female mice, the number of eggs retrieved per mouse is significantly lower than that in superovulated wild-type females
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• following mating of 3-month-old females with wild-type males of proven fertility for 6 months, the total number of pups delivered is less than a quarter of wild-type females; both the number of total litters and average number of pups per litter is significantly reduced
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• females produce a significantly lower average litter size than wild-type females (5.615 +/- 1.636 versus 8.146 +/-1.805)
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cellular
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• at 3 months of age, ovaries exhibit significantly more TUNEL-positive granulosa cells than wild-type ovaries
• at 1- and 3 months of age, ovaries contain significantly more cleaved Caspase3-positive granulosa cells than wild-type ovaries
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• number of PCNA-positive as well as pHIS3-positive granulosa cells is significantly reduced at 1- and 3 months of age
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mortality/aging
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• females exhibit both premature depletion of the primordial follicle pool and gradual loss of all stages of ovarian follicles
• premature ovarian failure is due to downregulation of Gdf9 (growth differentiation factor 9)
• at 3 months of age, protein levels of GDF9 are significantly decreased in both ovary and oocyte lysates; mRNA levels of Gdf9 are also decreased in oocytes
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• serum levels of estradiol (E2) are significantly reduced at 3- and 9 months of age
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• serum levels of FSH levels are significantly elevated at 3- and 9 months of age
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at 3 months of age, ovaries exhibit significantly more TUNEL-positive granulosa cells than wild-type ovaries
• at 1- and 3 months of age, ovaries contain significantly more cleaved Caspase3-positive granulosa cells than wild-type ovaries
|
|
|
• number of PCNA-positive as well as pHIS3-positive granulosa cells is significantly reduced at 1- and 3 months of age
|
|
|
• number of corpora lutea is significantly decreased at 1- and 3 months of age
|
|
|
• number of primary follicles is significantly reduced at 1- and 3 months of age
|
|
|
• number of primordial follicles is slightly reduced at P9 and significantly reduced at 3 weeks and at 1-, 3-, and 9 months of age
|
|
|
• number of secondary follicles is significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 9 months of age
|
|
|
• number of early antral and antral follicles is significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 9 months of age
|
|
|
• number of atretic follicles is significantly increased at 1- and 3 months of age
• however, autophagy levels are normal at 1- and 3 months of age
|
|
|
• female mice exhibit progressive loss of ovarian follicles and follicle development arrest
• most follicles are impeded in the primary or secondary stages
|
small ovary
(
J:323073
)
|
|
• ovaries are significantly smaller at 3 and 9 months of age
|
|
|
• at 3 and 9 months of age, the ratio of ovary/body weight is significantly lower than that in wild-type females
• however, no difference in body weight is observed at 3 or 9 months of age relative to wild-type controls
|
|
|
• females exhibit both premature depletion of the primordial follicle pool and gradual loss of all stages of ovarian follicles
• premature ovarian failure is due to downregulation of Gdf9 (growth differentiation factor 9)
• at 3 months of age, protein levels of GDF9 are significantly decreased in both ovary and oocyte lysates; mRNA levels of Gdf9 are also decreased in oocytes
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