mortality/aging
• no live-born pups are obtained, fewer than the expected number of embryos are seen at E11.5, but not at E8.5 to E10.5, and no embryos are detected beyond E11.5 indicating lethality around E10.5-E11.5
|
growth/size/body
• embryos exhibit mild developmental delay at E9.5 and severe development delay at E10.5
|
• embryos are smaller at E9.5 and E10.5
|
embryo
• yolk sacs develop a meshwork-like primitive vessel network at E9.5 and lack perfusion at E10.5 instead of being well vascularized and well perfused like wild-type embryos
|
• all embryos fail turning at the 8-13 somite stage and do not curl
|
• defective left-right patterning as indicated by disorganized heart looping and failure of embryonic turning
|
• E10.5 embryos exhibit a truncated posterior trunk
|
• embryos arrest at the 10-14 somite stage
|
• embryos exhibit mild developmental delay at E9.5 and severe development delay at E10.5
|
• embryos are smaller at E9.5 and E10.5
|
• the embryonic nodes vary in size and shape in embryos, although no significant difference in size is seen
|
• no cilia or cilia-like structure is seen in the embryonic node
|
• amniotic cavity is dramatically enlarged in E10.5 embryos
|
• E9.5 embryos exhibit failure in chorioallantoic fusion
|
cardiovascular system
• embryos show defective angiogenesis in yolk sacs and embryos
|
• embryos only have a primitive cephalic vasculature at E9.5, indicating a failure in the remodeling of the primitive vascular plexus
|
• yolk sacs develop a meshwork-like primitive vessel network at E9.5 and lack perfusion at E10.5 instead of being well vascularized and well perfused like wild-type embryos
|
• embryos exhibit an abnormally developed heart
|
• about 57% of embryos exhibit nontypical L- or D-LOOP looping (middle) or reversed cardiac looping (D-LOOP) type heart looping
|
• E10.5 embryos exhibit pericardial edema
|
• embryos exhibit an abnormally developed heart with an enlarged pericardium
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• E10.5 embryos exhibit pericardial edema
|
cellular
• no cilia or cilia-like structure is seen in the embryonic node
|