Analysis Tools
reproductive system
| N |
• female mice are fertile and produce normal litter sizes
• male mice show normal testis morphology, testis/body weight ratio and spermatogenesis, with no significant alterations in the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules or changes in apoptosis signals; epididymis morphology and size, epididymis/body weight ratio, and cauda epididymal sperm count are all normal
|
 |
• sperm show a significantly higher malformation rate than wild-type sperm
|
|
|
• in some cases, more than one set of structures (microtubules, peripheral dense fibers and mitochondria) are contained in the same cross section of the sperm tail
|
|
|
• incomplete or damaged peripheral dense fibers are observed
• ODF1 levels are significantly decreased
|
|
|
• partial deletion of microtubules is observed, indicating a deficient of 9 + 2 arrangement
|
|
|
• lack of or blurred mitochondrial cristae are observed
|
|
|
• sperm tails exhibit varying degrees of folding and curling
|
|
|
• in many cases, the sperm head is completely bent backward and closely fitted to the tail, tightly wrapped in a membrane
|
|
|
• male mice show a severe decline in fertility, producing only one pup during a 6-month monitoring period
|
|
|
• sperm ATP content is significantly lower than that in wild-type sperm
• mRNA levels of key markers in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain are significantly reduced in sperm
|
|
|
• progressive motility % of epididymal sperm is significantly lower than that in wild-type males
|
|
|
• total motility % of epididymal sperm is significantly lower than that in wild-type males
|
cellular
|
|
• sperm show a significantly higher malformation rate than wild-type sperm
|
|
|
• in some cases, more than one set of structures (microtubules, peripheral dense fibers and mitochondria) are contained in the same cross section of the sperm tail
|
|
|
• incomplete or damaged peripheral dense fibers are observed
• ODF1 levels are significantly decreased
|
|
|
• partial deletion of microtubules is observed, indicating a deficient of 9 + 2 arrangement
|
|
|
• lack of or blurred mitochondrial cristae are observed
|
|
|
• sperm tails exhibit varying degrees of folding and curling
|
|
|
• in many cases, the sperm head is completely bent backward and closely fitted to the tail, tightly wrapped in a membrane
|
|
|
• sperm show lack of or blurred mitochondrial cristae
|
|
|
• progressive motility % of epididymal sperm is significantly lower than that in wild-type males
|
|
|
• total motility % of epididymal sperm is significantly lower than that in wild-type males
|
|
|
• mRNA levels of key markers in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (Cox2 and Mtatp) are significantly lower than in wild-type sperm
|
