Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• adult female mice are fertile and show normal ovary weight and uterus length and weight relative to wild-type females
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• at 8 weeks of age, the number of germ cells per testicular cross section is significantly lower than in wild-type testes
• however, Sertoli cell numbers are normal
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• at 8 weeks of age, male germ cell (spermatocyte) apoptosis is significantly increased in the seminiferous tubules, as shown by a TUNEL assay
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• at 8 weeks of age, the diameters of seminiferous tubules are significantly smaller than in wild-type testes
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small testis
(
J:307636
)
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• at 8 weeks of age, testes are significantly smaller than in wild-type males
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• at 8 weeks of age, average testis weights are significantly lower than in wild-type males
• however, body weights are normal
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• adult testes show significantly increased protein levels of PRKACB (protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, beta) and elevated PKA activity
• PRKACB protein and PKA activity are also significantly increased at 9 dpp
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• seminiferous tubules contain normal germ cell numbers at 9 dpp but significantly fewer germ cells than wild-type tubules at 12 and 15 dpp, suggesting that prophase of meiosis I is impaired
• at 8 weeks of age, PAS and hematoxylin staining showed many dead pachytene spermatocytes at stage IV, suggesting impaired spermatogenesis at stage IV and abnormal progression from the zygotene to pachytene stage
• a few spermatids are still identified in testes at 8 weeks of age
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• at 8 weeks of age, cauda epididymal sperm count is severely reduced relative to that in wild-type males
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• at 8 weeks of age, the proportion of zygotene spermatocytes is significantly increased, whereas proportion of pachytene spermatocytes is significantly reduced
• however, the number of diplotene spermatocytes is not significantly altered
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• meiosis I prophase is defective; spermatocytes are incompletely arrested at the zygotene stage and undergo apoptosis at approximately the pachytene stage
• increased PKA activity may, at least partly, contribute to disrupted meiosis
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• at 8 weeks of age, almost no mature spermatozoa are found in the cauda epididymal lumens
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• adult male mice are completely infertile
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cellular
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• at 8 weeks of age, the proportion of zygotene spermatocytes is significantly increased, whereas proportion of pachytene spermatocytes is significantly reduced
• however, the number of diplotene spermatocytes is not significantly altered
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• at 8 weeks of age, the number of germ cells per testicular cross section is significantly lower than in wild-type testes
• however, Sertoli cell numbers are normal
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• at 8 weeks of age, cauda epididymal sperm count is severely reduced relative to that in wild-type males
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• meiosis I prophase is defective; spermatocytes are incompletely arrested at the zygotene stage and undergo apoptosis at approximately the pachytene stage
• increased PKA activity may, at least partly, contribute to disrupted meiosis
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• at 8 weeks of age, male germ cell (spermatocyte) apoptosis is significantly increased in the seminiferous tubules, as shown by a TUNEL assay
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• PKA activity is significantly increased in testes from 8-week-old as well as 9 dpp males, as shown by phosphorylated PKA substrates
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at 8 weeks of age, the diameters of seminiferous tubules are significantly smaller than in wild-type testes
|
small testis
(
J:307636
)
|
|
• at 8 weeks of age, testes are significantly smaller than in wild-type males
|
|
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• at 8 weeks of age, average testis weights are significantly lower than in wild-type males
• however, body weights are normal
|
|
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• adult testes show significantly increased protein levels of PRKACB (protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, beta) and elevated PKA activity
• PRKACB protein and PKA activity are also significantly increased at 9 dpp
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