growth/size/body
• mice appear smaller at P7 and mice show reduced length, however there is a gradual decline in the difference and mice reach parity with wild-type mice at a later stage (8 to 18 weeks) indicating an early delay in growth
• however, no differences in growth hormone production are seen in early-stage pups or adults
|
behavior/neurological
polydipsia
(
J:325994
)
digestive/alimentary system
• mice show a reduction in the number of fecal pellets extracted over 24 hours
|
constipation
(
J:325994
)
• mice show a reduction in the number of fecal pellets extracted over 24 hours and fecal pellets show a lower moisture content, signifying constipation
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• total globulin and the albumin to globulin ratio are reduced
• however, total protein and albumin levels are unaltered
|
• rare white blood cells present in wild-type mice, considered normal, are reduced in the urine
• however, all other urine parameters such as the pH, specific gravity, color, bilirubin, bacteria, turbidity, and crystals show no difference from wild-type mice
|
renal/urinary system
• rare white blood cells present in wild-type mice, considered normal, are reduced in the urine
• however, all other urine parameters such as the pH, specific gravity, color, bilirubin, bacteria, turbidity, and crystals show no difference from wild-type mice
|
• mice exhibit kidney injury characterized by vacuolar degeneration, mineralization, and increased Bowmans capsule spacing
|
• enlarged Bowman's capsule size
|
• kidneys show an increase in ROS levels
|
cellular
• kidneys show an increase in ROS levels
|
integument
N |
• skin sections show normal histology
|
liver/biliary system
N |
• liver sections show normal histology
|