reproductive system
N |
• adult males show no significant reduction in testes and epididymis weights and exhibit normal Sertoli and Leydig cells relative to wild-type controls
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• TUNEL staining showed a significantly higher number of TUNEL+ apoptotic germ cells than in wild-type testes
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• at 4 months of age, H&E staining showed significantly more degenerated germ cells in the seminiferous tubules than in wild-type controls
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• testes show altered expression of genes involved in cell communication, chromatin reorganization, spermatogenesis, and immune response
• testicular mRNA levels of Per2 (period circadian clock 2) are higher than in wild-type testes, whereas no differences are observed in the expression of other clock genes
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• at 4 months of age, cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than in wild-type controls
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cellular
• at 4 months of age, cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than in wild-type controls
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• TUNEL staining showed a significantly higher number of TUNEL+ apoptotic germ cells than in wild-type testes
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• at 4 months of age, H&E staining showed significantly more degenerated germ cells in the seminiferous tubules than in wild-type controls
|
• testes show altered expression of genes involved in cell communication, chromatin reorganization, spermatogenesis, and immune response
• testicular mRNA levels of Per2 (period circadian clock 2) are higher than in wild-type testes, whereas no differences are observed in the expression of other clock genes
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homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• adult males have normal serum and intratesticular testosterone levels relative to wild-type controls
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