behavior/neurological
• lower freezing response
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• decreased latency to investigate the hole in a hole board test
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• increased sucrose preference
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• decreased immobility time in tail suspension and forced swim test
• however, lithium treatment decreases immobility time in tail suspension and forced swim test
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• in an open field test
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• increased vestibuloocular reflex
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• increased latency to falling off a rotarod despite extra movements
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• in an open field test during the light and early dark phases as well as in the elevated plus maze test, light-box test, marble burying test, hole board test, and social preference test
• lithium treatment does not reduce hyperactivity
• however, methylphenidate treatment increased while Chronic fluoxetine administration reduces hyperactivity as in wild-type mice
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nervous system
N |
• mice exhibit normal input-output relation- ship, paired-pulse ratio, and long-term potentiation
• mice exhibit normal length, width, and density of dendritic spines
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• decreased numbers in the dorsal raphe nucleus
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• mildly affected with greater distance between synaptic vesicles and slightly increased synaptic cleft
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• increased percent increase at 1 Hz
• decreased percent increase in EPSP induced by serotonin
• however, EPSP is normal at 0.2 Hz and 2 Hz
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hearing/vestibular/ear
• increased vestibuloocular reflex
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homeostasis/metabolism
• increased homovanillic acid levels in the hippocampus, but not the striatum and nucleus accumbens
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• increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the hippocampus and amygdala indicating higher serotonin turnover
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