All Phenotypes Zdhhc19<em1Mngx> MGI Mouse

increased male germ cell apoptosis ( J:323394 )

• TUNEL staining of testis sections showed an increased number of unreleased apoptotic sperm in the spermatogenic epithelium

decreased sperm progressive motility ( J:323394 )

• rate of sperm progression is significantly lower than that in wild-type males

asthenozoospermia ( J:323394 )

• % of motile spermatozoa is significantly lower than that in wild-type males

decreased testis weight ( J:323394 )

• adult testis/body weight ratio is significantly lower than that in wild-type males

abnormal spermatogenesis ( J:323394 )

• PAS staining of testis sections showed unreleased elongated sperm at the base of the seminiferous tubule lumen after stage VIII, with abnormal sperm visible in the lumen at stage XI

• TEM showed clusters of multi-tailed sperm with common cytoplasm surrounding multiple sperm tails

oligozoospermia ( J:323394 )

• average cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than that in wild-type males

teratozoospermia ( J:323394 )

• an increased number of deformed cauda epididymal sperm are observed, including banana-shaped sperm heads, sperm with anomalous heads, folded sperm, and bundle-like masses of connected sperm

• ~4% of sperm show bundle-like masses of connected sperm versus none (0%) in wild-type males

• TEM analysis showed that the head and tail are folded and surrounded by redundant cell membranes, with frequent fusion of multiple sperm in the same cell membrane

abnormal sperm flagellum morphology ( J:323394 )

• only ~15% of sperm exhibit normal flagella versus ~94% in wild-type males

• TEM analysis showed multiple sperm tails wrapped in the same cell membrane

abnormal sperm head morphology ( J:323394 )

• ~9% of sperm exhibit banana-shaped sperm heads versus ~0.3% in wild-type males

• ~6.5% of sperm exhibit anomalous heads versus ~1% in wild-type males

• ~64% of sperm show head-folding versus ~5% in wild-type males

• TEM analysis showed multiple sperm heads wrapped in the same cell membrane

abnormal spermiogenesis ( J:323394 )

• spermatids that fail to complete spermiogenesis eventually undergo apoptosis in the testis

abnormal cauda epididymis morphology ( J:323394 )

• H&E staining showed clusters of abnormal sperm in the cauda epididymis

male infertility ( J:323394 )

• adult male mice fail to sire offspring when mated with wild-type females