Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice start to show reduced survival beginning about 3-4 months of age and 30% die or need to be euthanized by 1 year of age
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immune system
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• more than 80% of 1 year old mice exhibit inflammation; inflammatory, as well as other pathology, is variable such that mice can show only some of the phenotypes described
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• some mice show inflammation of the coronary artery, aorta, and cardiac valves, often accompanied by increased collagen deposition, indicating vasculitis and endocarditis
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• some mice show inflammation of the coronary artery or aorta
• skeletal muscle of some mice exhibits vasculitis
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myocarditis
(
J:307289
)
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• some mice show multifocal infiltrating leukocytes, swollen cardiomyocytes and fibrous tissues in the endocardium, epicardium, or in the interventricular muscular septum, indicating myocarditis
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• 9 of 16 mice show inflammatory pathology in the digestive system (intestines and colon)
• multifocal infiltration of leukocytes in mucosa or submucosa or both layers
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• stomach exhibits inflammatory pathology
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• 10 of 17 mice exhibit a large number of infiltrating leukocytes mostly in the wall of the pancreatic ducts, often accompanied with more collagen deposition
• leukocyte infiltration occasionally appears within the endocrine islets
• presence of patches of hypereosinophilic swollen acinar cells in exocrine pancreas
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• wall of the gallbladder and the cystic duct exhibit diffuse inflammatory infiltrates, or accumulation of mucosubstance or hyaline, or both infiltration and accumulation
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• 10 of 13 mice show inflammatory pathology in the liver, with multifocal infiltration of leukocytes and degenerative hepatocytes in the parenchyma or in and around the wall of blood vessels
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• skeletal muscle of some mice exhibits inflammatory pathology including myositis
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• 8 of 15 mice show renal cortex pathology indicative of glomerulonephritis, with multifocal infiltration of leukocytes, eosinophilic proteinaceous materials in many glomeruli and adjacent tubules, thicker glomerular basement membrane in affected glomeruli, increased collagen deposition inside glomeruli or in the tubulointerstitium, numerous larger glomeruli as well as a small number of atrophied glomeruli with enlarged Bowmans spaces
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• 8 of 13 mice exhibit inflammatory airway pathology, showing more and/or larger multifocal clusters of leukocytes in the perivascular and peribronchiolar spaces and some areas in which infiltrating leukocytes are scattered among diffuse, hyperplastic type II pneumocytes in a region with loss of alveolar structure or clustered infiltrating leukocytes in a thickened alveolar septum with hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes
• histiocytes are seen in alveoli in some mice
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neoplasm
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• 7 of 19 mice exhibit tumors at 1 year of age; tumors often appear in more than one organ and mice can show a variety of tumors
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• lymphoma adjacent or attached to the heart, mesentery, pancreas, salivary glands, or lung, and in the spleen or small intestine
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• histiocytic sarcoma in the spleen, liver, or bone marrow
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• apparent carcinoma within the lung
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• pleomorphic sarcoma in the skin
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cardiovascular system
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• inflamed coronary artery exhibits intraluminal grayish plaque and coronary artery becomes narrowed, indicative of arteriosclerosis including atherosclerosis
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• inflamed coronary artery exhibits intraluminal grayish plaque and coronary artery becomes narrowed, indicative of arteriosclerosis including atherosclerosis
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• liver vessels containing infiltrating leukocyte and fibrogenic cells is indicative of a pre-thrombosis condition
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• 8 of 16 mice show several types of pathological changes in the heart
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• 2 of 6 hearts show enlarged ventricles with thin walls, indicating dilated cardiomyopathy
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• some mice show inflammation of the coronary artery, aorta, and cardiac valves, often accompanied by increased collagen deposition, indicating vasculitis and endocarditis
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• some mice show inflammation of the coronary artery or aorta
• skeletal muscle of some mice exhibits vasculitis
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myocarditis
(
J:307289
)
|
• some mice show multifocal infiltrating leukocytes, swollen cardiomyocytes and fibrous tissues in the endocardium, epicardium, or in the interventricular muscular septum, indicating myocarditis
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nervous system
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• 7 of 15 mice show pathological changes in the brain
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• in some areas, the choroid-plexus-lining ependymal cells are proliferative
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• choroid plexus branches within dilated ventricles are disorganized
• on average, the cell density within choroid plexus of individual ventricles is increased , but in some areas, the choroid plexus is sparse and the normally cuboidal ependymal cells become flattened where the neuropil outside the regions with altered choroid plexus has a foamy appearance
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• neuroaxonal dystrophy in the medulla-oblongata in about 25% of mice
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• neuroaxonal dystrophy in the medulla-oblongata in about 25% of mice
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renal/urinary system
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• 8 of 15 mice show renal cortex pathology indicative of glomerulonephritis, with multifocal infiltration of leukocytes, eosinophilic proteinaceous materials in many glomeruli and adjacent tubules, thicker glomerular basement membrane in affected glomeruli, increased collagen deposition inside glomeruli or in the tubulointerstitium, numerous larger glomeruli as well as a small number of atrophied glomeruli with enlarged Bowmans spaces
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digestive/alimentary system
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• presence of patches of hypereosinophilic swollen acinar cells in exocrine pancreas
• amount of cytosol content in acinar cells is greater
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• some areas of mucosal epithelium show erosion and sloughing of lining cells
• some areas of mucosal epithelium show disordered or crowded intestinal units (both villus-crypt and crypts)
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• increase in number or size of mucin-secreting goblet cells and the granules inside them
• goblet cell granules show excessive secreted mucus and mucin
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• colon shows increased density of goblet cells
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• increase in number or size, or both, of Paneth cells
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• in some mice
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• small intestine shows increased density of goblet cells
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• 9 of 16 mice show inflammatory pathology in the digestive system (intestines and colon)
• multifocal infiltration of leukocytes in mucosa or submucosa or both layers
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• stomach exhibits inflammatory pathology
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• colon shows increased density of goblet cells
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• presence of patches of hypereosinophilic swollen acinar cells in exocrine pancreas
• amount of cytosol content in acinar cells is greater
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• increase in number or size, or both, of Paneth cells
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• in some mice
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• 10 of 17 mice exhibit a large number of infiltrating leukocytes mostly in the wall of the pancreatic ducts, often accompanied with more collagen deposition
• leukocyte infiltration occasionally appears within the endocrine islets
• presence of patches of hypereosinophilic swollen acinar cells in exocrine pancreas
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growth/size/body
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• body weight of 1 year old mice is more widely distributed, with some mice being overweight or obese and others underweight compared to wild-type mice and mean weight is greater than that of wild-type mice
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behavior/neurological
integument
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• obese mice exhibit an excessive amount of subcutaneous fat tissue
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liver/biliary system
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• liver vessels containing infiltrating leukocyte and fibrogenic cells is indicative of a pre-thrombosis condition
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• wall of the gallbladder and the cystic duct exhibit diffuse inflammatory infiltrates, or accumulation of mucosubstance or hyaline, or both infiltration and accumulation
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• 10 of 13 mice show inflammatory pathology in the liver, with multifocal infiltration of leukocytes and degenerative hepatocytes in the parenchyma or in and around the wall of blood vessels
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• occasionally accumulation of intracellular microvesicles that contain fat are seen in the liver
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adipose tissue
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• obese mice exhibit an excessive amount of subcutaneous fat tissue
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• obese mice exhibit an excessive amount of intraperitoneal fat tissue
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muscle
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• 2 of 6 hearts show enlarged ventricles with thin walls, indicating dilated cardiomyopathy
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• skeletal muscle of some mice exhibits inflammatory pathology including myositis
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cellular
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• increase in number or size of mucin-secreting goblet cells and the granules inside them
• goblet cell granules show excessive secreted mucus and mucin
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• colon shows increased density of goblet cells
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respiratory system
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• 8 of 13 mice exhibit inflammatory airway pathology, showing more and/or larger multifocal clusters of leukocytes in the perivascular and peribronchiolar spaces and some areas in which infiltrating leukocytes are scattered among diffuse, hyperplastic type II pneumocytes in a region with loss of alveolar structure or clustered infiltrating leukocytes in a thickened alveolar septum with hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes
• histiocytes are seen in alveoli in some mice
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• apparent carcinoma within the lung
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• alveolar space is on average smaller, although in some regions the space is larger
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• number of interstitial cells is increased and the alveolar septum becomes thicker
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• some inflamed bronchioles exhibit thickened wall with proliferative epithelium and increased collagen deposition, similar to the pathology of asthma
• on average, the bronchiolar wall is thicker although in some regions the wall is thinner
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• more mucin-secreting goblet cells are seen in the epithelium of inflamed intrapulmonary bronchial branches in some mice
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