mortality/aging
N |
• surprisingly, mice are born at normal Mendelian ratios and survive the weaning phase; no premature death is observed up to 15 months of age
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respiratory system
N |
• under basal conditions, adult mice exhibit normal lung microanatomy and show no macroscopic signs of multifocal emphysema or edema; no defects in lung volume or pulmonary function are observed
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• TEM revealed rare changes in lamellar body ultrastructure: 1 of 3 mice analyzed showed conspicuous lamellar bodies consisting of multiple clews of lipid lamellae located within shared limiting membranes
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• under diseased conditions, evoked by OVA-induced experimental asthma, mice exhibit significantly increased airway resistance in response to 100 mg/ml methacholine provocation
• in contrast, baseline airway resistance values are normal relative to OVA-sensitized and challenged wild-type controls
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• under diseased conditions, evoked by OVA-induced experimental asthma, mice exhibit significantly increased airway responsiveness to 100 mg/ml methacholine challenge relative to wild-type controls
• however, diseased mice show normal mucus production and no major differences in the number of inflammatory cells in the BAL or apoptotic cells in lung tissues relative to wild-type controls
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• measurements of surface tension at maximum (gammamax) and minimum (gammamin) bubble size by a pulsating bubble surfactometer revealed slightly increased surfactant adsorption properties
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• under basal conditions, BAL lipidome analysis showed mild but significant changes in lipid composition, mainly affected by a relative reduction in the abundance of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) and diacylglycerol (DAG); sphingomyelin (SM) is increased whereas phosphatidylinositol (PI) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) are decreased
• in response to experimentally induced asthma, BAL lipid changes are aggravated and affect a wider range of lipid species: PG, LPG, and DAG are further decreased while PI, LPI, phosphatidylserine (PS), ceramide, and SM show increased abundance
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• immunoblots of lung tissue lysates showed normal levels of pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SP-B), a significant increase in mature SP-B, and a striking increase in pro-SP-C levels
• however, immunofluorescence analysis showed no major changes in the staining pattern of the essential lamellar body (LB) proteins ABCA3 or mature SP-B
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immune system
• under basal conditions, adult mice show a moderate but significant increase in the number of macrophages in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, with a non-significant trend toward increased numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils
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hematopoietic system
• under basal conditions, adult mice show a moderate but significant increase in the number of macrophages in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, with a non-significant trend toward increased numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils
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