Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• despite male infertility, no significant alterations are noted in testis weight, size and histology or in cauda epididymal sperm count and motility relative to wild-type males
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• mating tests with wild-type females revealed that male mice are infertile
• however, mating behavior is normal, as the % of vaginal plugs is similar to those of wild-type males
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• sperm fail to fertilize zona-intact oocytes in vitro
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• when zona-intact oocytes are used, the IVF rate (expressed as the % of 2-cell embryos) is less than 5% versus 82% for wild-type sperm
• however, IVF rate is comparable to that of wild-type sperm when cumulus-intact eggs or zona-free oocytes are used
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• IVF assays showed that sperm fail to bind to the zona pellucida
• however, sperm-egg fusion is normal
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• sperm show a significantly reduced protein level of ADAM3 (a key component of fertilization complex) and other sperm ADAM proteins, as well as a severely disrupted ADAM3 localization pattern
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• at 3.5 h after coitus, sperm fail to migrate through uterine-tubal junction to reach the oviduct
• sperm remain mainly confined in the uterus after they are ejaculated
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cellular
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• at 3.5 h after coitus, sperm fail to migrate through uterine-tubal junction to reach the oviduct
• sperm remain mainly confined in the uterus after they are ejaculated
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