Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
|
• heterozygous intercrosses fail to yield viable homozygous mutant offspring; homozygotes die predominantly at E13.5
|
embryo
|
• expression analysis of the placental trophoblast marker Prl2c2 (prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2) in invading spiral artery-associated trophoblast giant cells (SpA-TGCs) revealed thinner spiral arteries in the decidua close to the junctional zone (JZ)
• wrapping of Pcdh12-positive glycogen trophoblast cell (GLyT) cells around maternal spiral arteries is impaired at E11.5
|
|
• at E11.5, maternal blood sinusoids are significantly enlarged, as detected by ALP activity of the syncytiotrophoblast layer
|
|
• organization of the trophoblast-lined maternal sinusoid spaces in the labyrinth is disrupted
• however, transplacental transport capacity is unaffected
|
|
• at E11.5, placentas show a severe reduction of trophoblast cells in both the junctional zone (JZ) and around the maternal spiral arteries
|
|
• wrapping of Pcdh12-positive glycogen trophoblast cell (GLyT) cells around maternal spiral arteries is impaired at E11.5
|
|
• at E11.5, placentas show downregulation of Prl7b1 (prolactin family 7, subfamily b, member 1) expression by invasive trophoblast cells
• placental Cts7 (cathepsin 7) and Cts8 (cathepsin 8), which are expressed in spiral artery-associated trophoblast giant cells (SpA-TGCs), are severely reduced at E11.5
|
|
• following injection of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 into pregnant females, E10.5 placentas show increased accumulation of maternal blood in the labyrinth, resulting in large opaque areas and lower fluorescence intensity
|
cardiovascular system
|
• thin trabeculae at E11.5
|
|
• thin compact myocardium at E11.5
|
|
• embryos exhibit defective heart ventricular wall development at E11.5; cardiac abnormalities are secondary defects arising from placental insufficiency
• the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract (OFT) cushions are normal at E11.5 and no defects in chamber patterning, cardiac energy metabolism, hypoxia or cellular proliferation are noted at E12.5
|
|
• poorly developed interventricular septa at E11.5
|
|
• thin-walled ventricles at E11.5
|
|
• dilated heart ventricles at E11.5
|
|
• following injection of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 into pregnant females, E10.5 placentas show increased accumulation of maternal blood in the labyrinth, resulting in large opaque areas and lower fluorescence intensity
|
muscle
|
• thin trabeculae at E11.5
|
|
• thin compact myocardium at E11.5
|
reproductive system
|
• expression analysis of the placental trophoblast marker Prl2c2 (prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2) in invading spiral artery-associated trophoblast giant cells (SpA-TGCs) revealed thinner spiral arteries in the decidua close to the junctional zone (JZ)
• wrapping of Pcdh12-positive glycogen trophoblast cell (GLyT) cells around maternal spiral arteries is impaired at E11.5
|
|
• Mmp2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2) is expressed at very low levels while the preeclampsia marker Mmp9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9) is downregulated at E11.5
• at E11.5, spiral arteries show strong endomucin and alpha- SMA staining, indicating defective remodeling of maternal spiral arteries
|
