cellular
• cultured primary kidney cells show a pyrimidine pool disequilibrium with significantly larger pools of cytidine (C) and deoxycytidine (dC) but no significant accumulation of deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) relative to control kidneys cells
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• cultured primary kidney cells show a 6-fold increase in the % of metaphases with > 0.4 SCE per chromosome relative to control kidneys cells
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• cultured primary kidney cells show a significantly higher sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency than control kidneys cells (0.33 SCE/chromosome versus 0.24 SCE/chromosome, respectively) and a 6-fold increase in the % of metaphases with > 0.4 SCE per chromosome
• also, the frequency of ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFB) is significantly higher (2.53 UFB/anaphase) than in control kidneys cells (1.41 UFB/anaphase) while the % of anaphase cells with 3 and 4 UFBs is 2.84 and 2.35 times higher than in control kidneys cells
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homeostasis/metabolism
• primary kidney cells show significantly reduced basal Parp1 [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1] activity; basal levels of poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (i.e. PARylation) are 45% lower than in control cells
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• after azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment, mice of both sexes show significantly fewer colon tumors of > 4 mm in diameter than similarly treated control mice
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neoplasm
N |
• untreated old mice exhibit a normal lifespan with no significant differences in the frequency or type of spontaneous tumors relative to control mice
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• after azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment, mice of both sexes show significantly fewer colon tumors of > 4 mm in diameter than similarly treated control mice
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• after azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment, mice of both sexes develop smaller colon tumors than similarly treated control mice
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behavior/neurological
N |
• untreated mice show no differences in health or behavior relative to controls over a period of 32 months
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