nervous system
• hippocampal neurons show a decrease in spine density
• mice injected with an adenovirus expressing RAC1 (AAV-RAC1) show almost normal spine density of hippocampal neurons
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• NMDA receptor/AMPA receptor ratio is decreased, indicating abnormal hippocampal synaptic plasticity
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• mice show impaired basal synaptic transmission
• however, paired-pulse ratios in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are normal suggesting normal presynaptic neurotransmitter release
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• downward shift of input-output curves of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials as a function of stimulus intensity
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• long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation in the hippocampus is reduced
• mice injected with AAV-RAC1 into the CA1 region reverses the long-term potentiation to nearly wild-type levels
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• mEPSC frequency in CA1 pyramidal neurons is reduced
• injection of AAV-RAC1 into the CA1 region reverses the mEPSC frequency to almost normal levels
• however, no effect on neuronal intrinsic excitability and mIPSC properties is seen
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behavior/neurological
• mice show impaired recognition memory in the novel object recognition test
• AAV-RAC1 injection into the CA1 region alleviates this impairment
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• mice show a longer time to find the hidden platform and a shorter time of staying in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test, with normal swimming speed
• AAV-RAC1 injection into the CA1 region rescues the spatial memory deficits
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