growth/size/body
cardiovascular system
• the heart weight to body weight is decreased indicating a decrease in heart weight
|
• mice show impaired cardiac function, as indicated by decreased heart weight ratio, percentages of ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and stroke volume
|
• echocardiography indicates increased left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDs), reduced interventricular thickness in diastole (IVSd) and in systole (IVSs), reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and reduced stroke volume
|
muscle
• mice show impaired cardiac function, as indicated by decreased heart weight ratio, percentages of ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and stroke volume
|