cardiovascular system
• TEM analysis revealed damaged cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure in cardiomyocytes
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• H&E and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining showed an increase in cardiomyocyte cross sectional area
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• TEM analysis showed a disordered arrangement of myofilaments in cardiomyocytes
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• male mice show increased interventricular septum thickness at 8 weeks of age
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• male mice show enlarged hearts at 8 weeks of age
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• at 8 weeks of age, the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio and the heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) are both significantly increased, indicating cardiac hypertrophy
• mRNA and protein levels of Nppa (natriuretic peptide type A, also known as ANP) are significantly increased in heart tissue
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• male mice show increased left ventricular wall thickness at 8 weeks of age
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• left ventricular posterior wall thickness is markedly increased at end-diastole
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• at 4 weeks after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, mice show a significant decline in the ejection fraction (EF%) and percent fractional shortening (FS%) relative to Ang II-treated wild-type controls, suggesting the decompensated period of cardiac function after Ang II infusion
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• in the basal state, hypertrophic hearts exhibit a marked increase in the ejection fraction (EF%) and percent fractional shortening (FS%), likely due to the maintenance or even increased cardiac function during the compensatory stage of cardiac hypertrophy
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• at 4 weeks after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, mice show exacerbated myocardial hypertrophy with a further increase in heart size, left ventricular wall and interventricular septum thickness, HW/TL ratio and cardiomyocyte cross sectional area, more disorderly arrangement of myofilaments and more damaged cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure, a further increase in Nppa (ANP) mRNA and protein levels, and a significant decline in the ejection fraction (EF%) and percent fractional shortening (FS%) relative to Ang II-treated wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at 4 weeks after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, mice show exacerbated myocardial hypertrophy with a further increase in heart size, left ventricular wall and interventricular septum thickness, HW/TL ratio and cardiomyocyte cross sectional area, more disorderly arrangement of myofilaments and more damaged cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure, a further increase in Nppa (ANP) mRNA and protein levels, and a significant decline in the ejection fraction (EF%) and percent fractional shortening (FS%) relative to Ang II-treated wild-type controls
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• atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA and protein levels are significantly increased in heart tissue
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cellular
• TEM analysis revealed damaged cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure in cardiomyocytes
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• swelling of cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure is observed after Ang II infusion
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muscle
• TEM analysis revealed damaged cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure in cardiomyocytes
|
• H&E and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining showed an increase in cardiomyocyte cross sectional area
|
• TEM analysis showed a disordered arrangement of myofilaments in cardiomyocytes
|
• at 4 weeks after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, mice show a significant decline in the ejection fraction (EF%) and percent fractional shortening (FS%) relative to Ang II-treated wild-type controls, suggesting the decompensated period of cardiac function after Ang II infusion
|
• in the basal state, hypertrophic hearts exhibit a marked increase in the ejection fraction (EF%) and percent fractional shortening (FS%), likely due to the maintenance or even increased cardiac function during the compensatory stage of cardiac hypertrophy
|
growth/size/body
• male mice show enlarged hearts at 8 weeks of age
|
• at 8 weeks of age, the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio and the heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) are both significantly increased, indicating cardiac hypertrophy
• mRNA and protein levels of Nppa (natriuretic peptide type A, also known as ANP) are significantly increased in heart tissue
|