reproductive system
• sperm exhibit a reduced ability to undergo the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction , with only about 17% of spermatozoa retaining the ability to undergo an acrosome reaction compared to 54% of wild-type spermatozoa
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• sperm are able to bind the zona pellucida but have reduced ability to fertilize oocytes in vitro, indicating impaired sperm-oocyte fusion
• however, males sire litters of equivalent size to that of controls, indicating normal fertility and males show normal testicular histology, no differences in body weight, testis weight, or daily sperm production, normal sperm motility (total and progressive motility and sperm velocity), and normal sperm capacitation
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