growth/size/body
microcephaly
(
J:343338
)
limbs/digits/tail
short limbs
(
J:343338
)
homeostasis/metabolism
• embryonic stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts exhibit defective CMG (Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS) helicase assembly, showing increased inter-origin distance, and reduced fork velocity and cell proliferation indicating a deficit in functional replisomes and embryonic stem cells have decreased chromatin-bound CDC45 and GINS levels
• the replication initiation phenotypes are not due to defective checkpoint signaling
|
cellular
• embryonic stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts exhibit defective CMG (Cdc45-MCM2-7-GINS) helicase assembly, showing increased inter-origin distance, and reduced fork velocity and cell proliferation indicating a deficit in functional replisomes and embryonic stem cells have decreased chromatin-bound CDC45 and GINS levels
• the replication initiation phenotypes are not due to defective checkpoint signaling
|