growth/size/body
• after 7 wks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, mice show a significantly higher fat mass than diet-matched wild-type controls
• however, lean body mass and food intake are relatively normal after HFD feeding
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• at 11-12 wks of age, mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD) exhibit a significantly higher body weight than wild-type controls
• after 7 wks of HFD feeding, mice show a significantly higher body weight than diet-matched wild-type controls
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adipose tissue
• after 7 wks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, mice show a significantly higher fat mass than diet-matched wild-type controls
• however, lean body mass and food intake are relatively normal after HFD feeding
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• at 24 wks of age, NCD-fed mice exhibit a significantly larger white adipocyte size than wild-type controls, with no histological differences noted in BAT
• after 12 wks of HFD feeding, mice show significantly larger white adipocytes than diet-matched controls
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• at 24 wks of age, NCD-fed mice exhibit a significantly higher epididymal WAT weight than wild-type controls
• after 12 wks of HFD feeding, mice show a significantly higher epididymal WAT weight than diet-matched wild-type controls
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• at 24 wks of age, NCD-fed mice exhibit a significantly higher perirenal WAT weight than wild-type controls
• after 12 wks of HFD feeding, mice show a significantly higher perirenal WAT weight than diet-matched wild-type controls
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• at 11-12 wks of age, mice fed a NCD exhibit a significantly higher WAT mass than wild-type controls
• after 12 wks of HFD feeding, mice show a significantly higher WAT mass than diet-matched wild-type controls
• however, BAT, liver and other organ weights as well as expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipogenic genes in WAT are normal on NCD
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• HFD-fed mice exhibit significantly higher expression of inflammatory markers in WAT than diet-matched wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
• serum total cholesterol levels are significantly higher in both the NCD- and HFD-fed condition than in diet-matched wild-type controls
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• serum HDL cholesterol levels are significantly higher in the NCD-fed condition and strongly trend towards higher levels in the HDF-fed condition
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• serum LDL cholesterol levels are significantly higher in both the NCD- and HFD-fed condition than in diet-matched wild-type controls
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• serum FFA levels are significantly lower under both NCD-fed and fasted conditions
• however, after HFD feeding, serum FFA levels are normal in the fed condition
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• isoproterenol-treated mice show a significantly lower increase in glycerol release with serum glycerol levels only 4-fold higher than basal levels at 15 and 30 min post-injection versus 16- and 8-fold, respectively, in similarly treated wild-type controls
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• serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels are significantly higher in both the NCD- and HFD-fed condition than in diet-matched wild-type controls
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• HFD-fed mice are more glucose intolerant than diet-matched wild-type controls
• however, NCD-fed mice show normal glucose tolerance
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• HFD-fed mice are more insulin resistant than diet-matched wild-type controls
• however, NCD-fed mice show normal insulin tolerance
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• HFD-fed mice exhibit significantly higher liver TAG levels than diet-matched wild-type controls
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• after treatment with isoproterenol (to stimulate whole-body lipolysis), mice exhibit a significant decrease in lipolysis from adipose tissue, as determined by serum glycerol levels
• dispersed adipocytes isolated from WAT show significantly lower FFA and glycerol release than wild-type adipocytes under both basal and stimulated conditions
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liver/biliary system
• HFD-fed mice exhibit significantly higher liver TAG levels than diet-matched wild-type controls
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• HFD-fed mice exhibit markedly higher lipid accumulation in the liver than diet-matched wild-type controls by Oil Red O staining
• however, liver histology is normal on NCD
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immune system
• HFD-fed mice exhibit significantly higher expression of inflammatory markers in WAT than diet-matched wild-type controls
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