behavior/neurological
• in the learning phase of the Morris water maze, mice show reduced efficiency in the execution of a standard learning task, showing decreased ability (increased escape latency) to reach the platform at days 2 and 3
• however, mice show normal memory retention in probe trials
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• in the Y maze, mice show reduced alternation in exploratory behavior, indicating impaired working memory
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• mice spend less time in the open arms of the elevated-plus maze, indicating anxiety
• however, the number of open arm entries in the elevated-plus maze does not differ from wild-type mice
• however, mice show no abnormalities in the open field, forced swimming test or tail suspension test
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nervous system
• synaptic vesicle density is decreased in the presynaptic bouton, while total vesicle number and the number of docked vesicle are unchanged
• however, the postsynaptic density, the synapse number, and cleft width are unchanged
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• mice exhibit structural alternation of synapses in the hippocampus, with abnormalities in the asymmetry of excitatory synapses of the hippocampal CA1 region
• increase in size of synaptic active zones
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