cardiovascular system
• total number of cardiomyocytes is decreased in adult hearts
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• cardiomyocyte size is increased
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• expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers such as atrial natriuretic factor and beta myosin heavy chain are increased in the heart, indicating cardiac hypertrophy
• isolated cardiomyocytes show increased hypertrophic response as indicated by sarcomere organization, increased cell surface area, increased protein synthesis, and elevated hypertrophy markers
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• neonatal hearts show a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes with mitotic marker pH3 and EdU label, indicating reduced proliferation
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• mice subjected to left anterior-descending ligation at P1 show fewer proliferating cardiomyocytes at day 7 after myocardial infarction, depressed contractile function, fibrotic area is progressively increased compared to wild-type neonatal hearts which regenerate well with little fibrosis, indicating inhibition of neonatal heart regeneration
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cellular
• neonatal hearts show a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes with mitotic marker pH3 and EdU label, indicating reduced proliferation
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growth/size/body
• expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers such as atrial natriuretic factor and beta myosin heavy chain are increased in the heart, indicating cardiac hypertrophy
• isolated cardiomyocytes show increased hypertrophic response as indicated by sarcomere organization, increased cell surface area, increased protein synthesis, and elevated hypertrophy markers
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mice subjected to left anterior-descending ligation at P1 show fewer proliferating cardiomyocytes at day 7 after myocardial infarction, depressed contractile function, fibrotic area is progressively increased compared to wild-type neonatal hearts which regenerate well with little fibrosis, indicating inhibition of neonatal heart regeneration
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muscle
• total number of cardiomyocytes is decreased in adult hearts
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• cardiomyocyte size is increased
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• neonatal hearts show a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes with mitotic marker pH3 and EdU label, indicating reduced proliferation
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