homeostasis/metabolism
• ex vivo palmitate oxidation is reduced in soleus muscles indicating reduced fatty acid oxidation
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• mice fed a high-fat diet have an overall 9% reduction in energy expenditure, which is more marked during light (resting) hours than during the dark hours
• when normalized to lean mass, energy expenditure is decreased by 6% in high-fat fed mice
• however, on a regular chow diet, energy expenditure is normal, even when light and dark hours are analyzed separately
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• mice fed a high-fat diet gain weight more rapidly than wild-type mice
• after 3 weeks on a high-fat diet, mice show increased body weight, fat mass, and lean mass, with increased percent fat mass and decreased percent lean mass
• however, body weight and composition and heart weight are unchanged in regular chow-fed mice
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• mice fed a high-fat diet show reduced rates of carbon dioxide production
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• mice fed a high-fat diet show reduced rates of oxygen consumption
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• in fasting mice, whole-body glucose turnover is increased by 27%
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• mice fed a high-fat diet develop increased fasting plasma glucose levels
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• mice exhibit reduced fasting plasma insulin levels
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• mice fed a high-fat diet develop increased fasting insulin levels
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• quadriceps glycogen content is increased 38% in mice fasted for 2 hours
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• homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), calculated from the product of fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, is reduced
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• muscles from high-fat diet fed mice exhibit increased triglyceride content
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growth/size/body
• in regular chow-fed mice housed under thermoneutral conditions
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• regular chow-fed mice housed under thermoneutral conditions (30 degrees C) show increased weight gain and gonadal white adipose tissue
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• mice fed a high-fat diet gain weight more rapidly than wild-type mice
• after 3 weeks on a high-fat diet, mice show increased body weight, fat mass, and lean mass, with increased percent fat mass and decreased percent lean mass
• however, body weight and composition and heart weight are unchanged in regular chow-fed mice
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muscle
• muscle-specific fasting glucose uptake is increased 2-fold in gastrocnaemius and 1.8-fold in quadriceps
• however, heart-specific glucose uptake is unchanged
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• muscles from high-fat diet fed mice exhibit lipid droplets
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• muscles from high-fat diet fed mice exhibit enlarged, swollen mitochondria, with disorganized cristae
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• quadriceps glycogen content is increased 38% in mice fasted for 2 hours
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• muscles from high-fat diet fed mice exhibit increased triglyceride content
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adipose tissue
• regular chow-fed mice housed under thermoneutral conditions show increased gonadal white adipose tissue
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• in regular chow-fed mice housed under thermoneutral conditions
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cellular
• muscles from high-fat diet fed mice exhibit enlarged, swollen mitochondria, with disorganized cristae
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• muscle-specific fasting glucose uptake is increased 2-fold in gastrocnaemius and 1.8-fold in quadriceps
• however, heart-specific glucose uptake is unchanged
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• ex vivo palmitate oxidation is reduced in soleus muscles indicating reduced fatty acid oxidation
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behavior/neurological
N |
• mice fed a high-fat diet show no difference in locomotor activity
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• water intake is increased by 29%
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• high-fat diet fed mice show a 22% increase in food intake
• however, no difference in food intake is seen in regular-chow fed mice
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