cellular
• pups sired by homozygous males mated to wild-type females are on average 6.8% heavier than wild-type pups at birth, while no difference in weight for pups born from homozygous mothers bred with wild-type males is seen, indicating a paternal effect on intrauterine overgrowth of offspring
• pups sired by homozygous males mated to homozygous females are heavier than wild-type pups at birth
• the paternal effect overweight phenotype at birth does not persist until weaning
• however, no differences in the size of litters produced by homozygous males and females are seen
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mortality/aging
• mating of homozygous males with homozygous females results in litters with fewer pups at birth, indicating partial penetrance of prenatal lethality
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reproductive system
N |
• males exhibit normal testis weight and morphology, and normal sperm morphology, count, motility, and sperm fertilization efficiency in IVF
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• mating of homozygous males with homozygous females results in litters with fewer pups at birth, indicating partial penetrance of embryonic lethality
• however, no differences are seen in the size of litters produced by homozygous males and females that are mated with wild-type mice
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