cellular
• pups sired by homozygous males mated to wild-type females are heavier than wild-type pups at birth while no difference in weight for pups born from homozygous mothers bred with wild-type males is seen, indicating a paternal effect on intrauterine overgrowth of offspring
• however, the size of litters produced by homozygous males mated with wild-type females is normal
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reproductive system
N |
• males exhibit normal testis weight and morphology, and normal sperm morphology, sperm numbers, sperm motility, and sperm fertilization efficiency in IVF
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