Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• all spermatozoa exhibit abnormal tail shapes
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• in the pachytene stage (stage VII-VIII) and diplotene stage (stage XII) spermatocytes and spermatids are dramatically decreased
• although a few elongating/elongated spermatids are present in the testis, their nuclei are not fully compacted
• only a few mature spermatozoa are present in the cauda epididymis
• however, the population of the first germ cell layer containing pleleptotene stage (stage VII-VIII) and zygotene stage (stage XII) is comparable to controls
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• 97% of spermatozoa exhibit misshapen heads
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• while spermatocytes undergo programmed double-strand breaks and initial assembly of the synaptonemal complex, the compaction of the XY axes is rarely seen in spermatocytes indicating XY body malformation
• spermatocytes undergo SYCP3 overloading which becomes evident once homolog synapsis is completed at pachytene and overloaded SYCP3 remains even in metaphase I and anaphase I
• some chromosomes connected with SYCP3 fail to align at the equatorial plate and are left behind between two centrosomes
• SYCP3 overloading is biased to the X chromosome in male meiosis and the X chromosomes exhibit an abnormal synapsis state
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• the number of TUNEL+ cells are frequently seen in the second germ cell layer containing spermatocytes after the pachytene stage
• the apoptotic elimination of germ cells becomes prominent from PND16, corresponding to when the first wave of spermatogenesis reaches the pachytene stage
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• all spermatozoa are immotile
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small testis
(
J:325726
)
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• the weight decline of juvenile testis becomes prominent from PND16
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• males fail to sire pups with wild-type females
• however, females are fertile
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endocrine/exocrine glands
small testis
(
J:325726
)
|
|
|
|
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• the weight decline of juvenile testis becomes prominent from PND16
|
cellular
|
|
• all spermatozoa exhibit abnormal tail shapes
|
|
|
• in the pachytene stage (stage VII-VIII) and diplotene stage (stage XII) spermatocytes and spermatids are dramatically decreased
• although a few elongating/elongated spermatids are present in the testis, their nuclei are not fully compacted
• only a few mature spermatozoa are present in the cauda epididymis
• however, the population of the first germ cell layer containing pleleptotene stage (stage VII-VIII) and zygotene stage (stage XII) is comparable to controls
|
|
|
• 97% of spermatozoa exhibit misshapen heads
|
|
|
• while spermatocytes undergo programmed double-strand breaks and initial assembly of the synaptonemal complex, the compaction of the XY axes is rarely seen in spermatocytes indicating XY body malformation
• spermatocytes undergo SYCP3 overloading which becomes evident once homolog synapsis is completed at pachytene and overloaded SYCP3 remains even in metaphase I and anaphase I
• some chromosomes connected with SYCP3 fail to align at the equatorial plate and are left behind between two centrosomes
• SYCP3 overloading is biased to the X chromosome in male meiosis and the X chromosomes exhibit an abnormal synapsis state
|
|
|
• the number of TUNEL+ cells are frequently seen in the second germ cell layer containing spermatocytes after the pachytene stage
• the apoptotic elimination of germ cells becomes prominent from PND16, corresponding to when the first wave of spermatogenesis reaches the pachytene stage
|
|
|
• all spermatozoa are immotile
|
