Analysis Tools
immune system
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• mice show increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, showing greater weight loss, increased activity index, shorter colon length, enhanced intestinal permeability, and more severe histological and cytokine level changes in the colon than in wild-type mice
• mice show increased susceptibility to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced colitis
• wild-type mice receiving fecal transplants from homozygous mutant mouse donors show aggravated DSS-induced colitis symptoms relative to those receiving feces from wild-type donors
• mice orally administered with kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid during DSS administration show alleviated symptoms of colitis
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digestive/alimentary system
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• mice are healthy when reared in a specific pathogen-free environment and show normal intestinal morphology with no noticeable changes in the crypt-villus architecture, no differences in intestinal cell composition, mucus layer thickness, and morphology and cell polarity of Paneth and goblet cells
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• while overall stool bacterial loads are normal, mice have a less diverse and distinct stool bacterial community compared to wild-type mice
• metabolites in stool samples are altered, with an enrichment in the tryptophan metabolism pathway
• kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid are decreased in stool samples
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• granules of Paneth cells appear to have more vacuoles
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• while overall stool bacterial loads are normal, mice have a less diverse and distinct stool bacterial community compared to wild-type mice
• the overall gut microbiome is dominated by the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in both wild-type and mutant mice, however differences in in the lower abundance phyla and their subordinate classifications, specifically Deferribacteres (genus Mucispirillum) and Proteobacteria (genus Parasutterella) are upregulated and Verrucomicrobia (genus Akkermansia) are downregulated in mutants
• Mucispirillum and Parasutterella genera are most enriched in stool microbiota
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• mice show increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, showing greater weight loss, increased activity index, shorter colon length, enhanced intestinal permeability, and more severe histological and cytokine level changes in the colon than in wild-type mice
• mice show increased susceptibility to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced colitis
• wild-type mice receiving fecal transplants from homozygous mutant mouse donors show aggravated DSS-induced colitis symptoms relative to those receiving feces from wild-type donors
• mice orally administered with kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid during DSS administration show alleviated symptoms of colitis
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• granules of Paneth cells appear to have more vacuoles
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