cardiovascular system
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• after induction of myocardial infarction (MI) by left coronary artery ligation, mice exhibit a decrease in VEGF-A protein levels in the myocardium and plasma and show lower serum levels of proangiogenic cytokines (IL1-beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, SDF-1alpha, and Rantes) than sham controls
• after MI, mice show a decrease in the serum content of PDGF-AB/PDGF-BB and fail to exhibit an increase in serum MMP9 levels, unlike wild-type controls
• however, the post-MI levels of TIMP-1 (an anti-angiogenic cytokine) are similar to those in wild-type controls
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• after MI, mice show a markedly smaller increase in the protein levels of p47-phox and p91-phox (the two subcomponents of NADPH oxidase) in the infarcted myocardium than wild-type controls
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• after MI, mice fail to show AMPK activation in the infarcted heart, unlike wild-type controls
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