Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• at 90 days of age, male mice exhibit normal sperm function in terms of capacitation and acrosome reaction
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• cauda epididymal sperm count (in millions) is significantly lower than that in wild-type controls (12.27 +/- 0.67 versus 16.32 +/- 1.66, respectively)
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• prostate shows severe atrophy of tubular glands and massive proliferation of fibrous/connective tissue surrounding the mucosal epithelial of tubular glands
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• prostate shows atrophy of mucosal epithelial cells/glands with infiltration of multinucleated giant cells
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• males show a significant increase in relative prostate weight
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• seminal vesicles show foci of mild degenerative changes in mucosal epithelial cells
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• testes show foci of seminiferous tubular edema and mild edema/accumulation of fluids in between tubules
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• testes show mild hyperplasia of Leydig cells
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small testis
(
J:345207
)
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• males show a significant reduction in relative testis weight
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• testes show mild degenerative changes
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• caput epididymis shows moderate inflammation in tubules
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• caput epididymis shows moderate inflammation in tubules along with mild hyperplasia of tubular epithelial cells
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• males show a significant reduction in relative caput epididymis weight
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• cauda epididymis shows severe ductular atrophy with mucosal epithelial cells surrounded by dense thickened fibrosis/connective tissue
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• after natural mating with females of proven fertility, average litter size for male mice is 6.1 +/- 1.28 versus 9.81 +/- 1.55 for wild-type males
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• adult males show a marginal decrease in fecundity when mated with females of proven fertility for a week
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• pancreas shows apoptosis of beta cells
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• pancreas shows atrophy of the islets with apoptosis of beta cells
• however, acinar cell morphology is normal
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• prostate shows severe atrophy of tubular glands and massive proliferation of fibrous/connective tissue surrounding the mucosal epithelial of tubular glands
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• prostate shows atrophy of mucosal epithelial cells/glands with infiltration of multinucleated giant cells
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• males show a significant increase in relative prostate weight
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• seminal vesicles show foci of mild degenerative changes in mucosal epithelial cells
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• testes show foci of seminiferous tubular edema and mild edema/accumulation of fluids in between tubules
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• testes show mild hyperplasia of Leydig cells
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small testis
(
J:345207
)
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• males show a significant reduction in relative testis weight
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• testes show mild degenerative changes
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growth/size/body
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N |
• at 90 days of age, male mice show no significant difference in average body weight relative to wild-type controls
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• males show a significant increase in relative kidney weight
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renal/urinary system
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• males show a significant increase in relative kidney weight
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• kidneys show severe tubular nephritis associated with tubular/interstitial inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis
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• bladder shows accumulation of inflammatory exudate with dead debris and inflammatory cells in the lumen
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• some tubules are in dysplastic or pre-neoplastic stages
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• bladder shows severe mucosal transitional epithelial (urothelium) hyperplasia
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• males show a significant increase in relative bladder weight
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• bladder shows severe submucosal fibrosis
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immune system
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• liver shows mild foci of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the centrilobular region
• however, portal region with portal vein, bile duct, and hepatic artery appears normal
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• kidneys show severe tubular nephritis associated with tubular/interstitial inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis
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• bladder shows accumulation of inflammatory exudate with dead debris and inflammatory cells in the lumen
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• caput epididymis shows moderate inflammation in tubules
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• following i.p. injection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), adult mice show a significantly higher bacterial count than wild-type controls in the caput, cauda, testes, seminal vesicle, prostate, bladder, kidney, and liver at 5 days post-infection, indicating lower efficiency of bacterial clearance in these tissues
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cellular
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• cauda epididymal sperm count (in millions) is significantly lower than that in wild-type controls (12.27 +/- 0.67 versus 16.32 +/- 1.66, respectively)
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• brain shows multiple foci of apoptotic neurons
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• pancreas shows apoptosis of beta cells
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respiratory system
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• lungs show moderate alveolar/interstitial edema with inflammation and fibrosis
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liver/biliary system
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• liver shows mild foci of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the centrilobular region
• however, portal region with portal vein, bile duct, and hepatic artery appears normal
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nervous system
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• brain shows multiple foci of apoptotic neurons
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• brain shows multiple foci of apoptotic neurons
• however, the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex are morphologically normal
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• lungs show moderate alveolar/interstitial edema with inflammation and fibrosis
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