reproductive system
• cauda epididymal sperm show increased rates of abnormal flagella, including cytoplasmic vacuoles enveloping mitochondria sheath, a complete lack of mitochondrial sheath, two or more cross-sections of the same sperm flagellum enclosed within one cell membrane, partially formed outer dense fibers and abnormal axonemal microtubules
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• partially formed outer dense fibers
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• abnormal axonemal microtubules
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• in some sperm
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• total motility of sperm is reduced
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• males are sterile
• however, no differences are seen in gross appearance of testis or body or testis weight, and no severe abnormality in the seminiferous epithelial cycle of the testes is seen
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cellular
• cauda epididymal sperm show increased rates of abnormal flagella, including cytoplasmic vacuoles enveloping mitochondria sheath, a complete lack of mitochondrial sheath, two or more cross-sections of the same sperm flagellum enclosed within one cell membrane, partially formed outer dense fibers and abnormal axonemal microtubules
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• partially formed outer dense fibers
|
• abnormal axonemal microtubules
|
• in some sperm
|
• total motility of sperm is reduced
|