Analysis Tools
reproductive system
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• spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis display malformed flagella, including coiled, short, bent, absent, and irregular forms, which are typical features of multiple morphological abnormalities of flagella (MMAF)
• however, mice do not show any obvious signs of primary ciliary dyskinesia, with lung and tracheal cilia similar to wild-type
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• the axoneme structure in sperm flagella is severely disorganized
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• in some spermatozoa
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• in some spermatozoa
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• in some spermatozoa
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• in some spermatozoa
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• sperm counts from the cauda epididymis are reduced
• decrease in the number of elongating and elongated spermatids within the seminiferous tubules, especially in the number of elongated spermatids at steps 15 and 16 (stages V-VIII), indicating abnormalities during spermiogenesis
• reduction in the ratios of spermatids to Sertoli cells from steps 15 to 16, with the number of step 16 spermatids decreased
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• 50% of the spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis exhibit abnormal head shapes
• During steps 11 to 13, spermatids display an abnormal club-shaped head morphology, while wild-type spermatids exhibit normal hook-shaped heads
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• distribution of the acroplaxome is disturbed, showing detached, irregular, and fragmented F-actin distribution
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• sperm have more absent or aberrant acrosomes
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• sperm exhibit detachment of the acrosome from the nucleus
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• mice display significantly longer manchettes compared to controls in step 11 to 13 spermatids, leading to the presence of abnormal spermatid heads
• however, manchette formation in step 8 to 10 spermatids is normal
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• increase in the number of apoptotic cells per seminiferous tubule
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• sperm show decreased motility
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• males exhibit normal mounting behaviors and produce coital plugs but fail to produce offspring when mated with wild-type females
• however, females produce normal litter sizes when mated with wild-type males
• however, males show normal growth and development, with normal testicular size and testis/body weight ratios
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cellular
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• spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis display malformed flagella, including coiled, short, bent, absent, and irregular forms, which are typical features of multiple morphological abnormalities of flagella (MMAF)
• however, mice do not show any obvious signs of primary ciliary dyskinesia, with lung and tracheal cilia similar to wild-type
|
|
|
• the axoneme structure in sperm flagella is severely disorganized
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa
|
|
|
• sperm counts from the cauda epididymis are reduced
• decrease in the number of elongating and elongated spermatids within the seminiferous tubules, especially in the number of elongated spermatids at steps 15 and 16 (stages V-VIII), indicating abnormalities during spermiogenesis
• reduction in the ratios of spermatids to Sertoli cells from steps 15 to 16, with the number of step 16 spermatids decreased
|
|
|
• 50% of the spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis exhibit abnormal head shapes
• During steps 11 to 13, spermatids display an abnormal club-shaped head morphology, while wild-type spermatids exhibit normal hook-shaped heads
|
|
|
• distribution of the acroplaxome is disturbed, showing detached, irregular, and fragmented F-actin distribution
|
|
|
• sperm have more absent or aberrant acrosomes
|
|
|
• sperm exhibit detachment of the acrosome from the nucleus
|
|
|
• mice display significantly longer manchettes compared to controls in step 11 to 13 spermatids, leading to the presence of abnormal spermatid heads
• however, manchette formation in step 8 to 10 spermatids is normal
|
|
|
• increase in the number of apoptotic cells per seminiferous tubule
|
|
|
• sperm show decreased motility
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