All Phenotypes Tmc7<em1Zjl> MGI Mouse

abnormal sperm head morphology ( J:359286 )

abnormal acrosome morphology ( J:359286 )

• fragmented and malformed acrosomes are seen in all four phases of spermatids

• absent or fragmented acrosomes are seen in spermatids from the cauda epididymis

abnormal acrosome assembly ( J:359286 )

• spermatids exhibit abnormal acrosome morphology as early as the Golgi phase

abnormal proacrosomal vesicle fusion ( J:359286 )

• colocalized GOPC and PNA in spermatids is decreased, indicating impaired transport and fusion of the proacrosomal vesicles during acrosome biogenesis

abnormal male germ cell physiology ( J:359286 )

• intracellular calcium concentration is reduced in germ cells isolated from PD21 and PD30 testes and intracellular pH is increased, indicating that the pH and ion homeostasis is impaired

• reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in male germ cells

• ER stress-related proteins are increased in 3- and 9-week-old testes

increased male germ cell apoptosis ( J:359286 )

• TUNEL-positive cells in seminiferous tubules and cauda epididymis are increased in 9-week-old, but not at 3 weeks of age, mice, indicating spermatid apoptosis

small testis ( J:359286 )

abnormal spermiogenesis ( J:359286 )

• severe defects in spermiogenesis

• large vesicles accumulate adjacent to developing acrosomes in all phases of acrosome biogenesis, starting from the Golgi phase in the spermatids

• abnormal acrosome structures and defective nuclear condensation are seen in spermatids

• Golgi apparatus fragmentation and disorganization

• the aspect ratio (height over width) of the Golgi apparatuses in spermatids are smaller

• Golgi body fails to correctly orient toward the acrosome

• Golgi stress markers are increased

male infertility ( J:359286 )