skeleton
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• no significant difference in trabecular or cortical bone parameters compared to controls in females
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• reduced size of osteoclasts
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• decreased osteoclast differentiation
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• increase in the number of osteoclasts relative to bone surface
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• increased bone volume per tissue volume in the proximal tibia, distal femur, and fourth lumbar vertebra
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• increased cortical bone area per total tissue area in the tibia but not the femur
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• in the proximal tibia, distal femur, and fourth lumbar vertebra
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• in the proximal tibia, distal femur, and fourth lumbar vertebra
• however, trabecular thickness is not different from controls
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• in the tibia
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• increased aromatase activity in the bone marrow indicated by the elevated 17beta-estradiol to testosterone ratio
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• decrease in the number of resorption pits and percentage of resorbed areas indicating impaired function
• decreased formation of actin rings and microtubules
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homeostasis/metabolism
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• increase in the levels of 17beta-estradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol in the bone marrow
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cellular
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• decreased osteoclast differentiation
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hematopoietic system
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• reduced size of osteoclasts
|
|
• decreased osteoclast differentiation
|
|
• increase in the number of osteoclasts relative to bone surface
|
|
• decrease in the number of resorption pits and percentage of resorbed areas indicating impaired function
• decreased formation of actin rings and microtubules
|
immune system
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• reduced size of osteoclasts
|
|
• decreased osteoclast differentiation
|
|
• increase in the number of osteoclasts relative to bone surface
|
|
• decrease in the number of resorption pits and percentage of resorbed areas indicating impaired function
• decreased formation of actin rings and microtubules
|