cardiovascular system
• one heterozygote shows pulmonary artery stenosis
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• 49% show trabecular defects with less organized trabecular arrangement
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• intermediate thickness of compact layer compared to homozygotes and wild-type, especially prominent at E13.5 and 14.5
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• 15% exhibit conotruncal defects, with severity ranging from absent conotruncal ridges (3%) to a shortened conotruncal septum (7%)
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• seen in 5% of heterozygotes
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• atrioventricular cushion defects range from absent fusion (3%) and hypoplasia (8%) to abnormalities of mature valvular structures
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• 17% show cleft mitral valve
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• 2% show mitral valve stenosis
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• 8% show tricuspid valve abnormalities
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• 86% show papillary muscle defects
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• severe thinning of the ventricular wall is seen in both the left (2%) and right (2%) ventricles, but never simultaneously
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• thin left ventricle wall is associated with mitral valve stenosis yet a normal right ventricle and semilunar va
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• thin right ventricle is associated with dysmorphic tricuspid valve yet normal left-sided and semilunar structures
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muscle
• 49% show trabecular defects with less organized trabecular arrangement
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• intermediate thickness of compact layer compared to homozygotes and wild-type, especially prominent at E13.5 and 14.5
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• 86% show papillary muscle defects
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
congenital heart disease | DOID:1682 | J:35363 |