behavior/neurological
polyphagia
(
J:71969
)
• food intake is 74% higher than in controls
|
• display increased inter-male aggression
|
• mutants by 4 weeks of age become agitated and active and appear stressed when handled
• mutants continue to appear agitated after the habituation period in a novel cage, with a 40% reduction in activity after an hour of habituation compared to 72% reduction in controls
• in a light/dark exploration test, mutants take 3.6 times longer to make the first transition from the dark to the light compartment, they spend half as much time in the light zone compared with controls and only make 35% the number of dark-to-light zone transitions compared to controls
|
• hindlimb clasping
|
hyperactivity
(
J:71969
)
• hyperactive when stressed
|
growth/size/body
• increased body weight is seen at 8 weeks of age and by 30 weeks, males and females are 80 and 150% heavier than controls, respectively
|
• 10% increase in naso-anal length compared with controls
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• abnormal starvation response in mutants as indicated by continued elevation of leptin, increased reduction in glucose levels, and attenuated NPY levels compared to controls after 48 hours of fasting
|
• glucose levels are 70% higher than in controls
|
• serum insulin levels are elevated 6-fold in obese mutants but normal in younger lean mutants
|
• serum leptin levels are elevated 15-fold in obese mutants but normal in younger lean mutants
|
• cholesterol levels are increased by 54% compared to controls
|
reproductive system
• sterility in obese females but not younger lean females, indicating that sterility is secondary to the effect of obesity
|
nervous system
• decreased size of CA2 neurons
|
• decreased size of the olfactory glomeruli
|