mortality/aging
• homozygotes are obtained at a lower frequency than the expected Mendelian ratio, suggesting prenatal and perinatal lethality
|
• ~35% of homozygotes die within 24 hrs after birth, with no significant increase in mortality thereafter
• the % of homozygotes is closer to the expected Mendelian ratio at 10 hrs after birth (22.4% vs 25%)
|
• at 4 weeks, the % of homozygotes obtained is only 16.2%
(J:45062)
• born homozygotes appear healthy and show no significant increase in mortality or histological abnormalities under SPF conditions; however, a number of homozygotes become compromised and die under conventional conditions
(J:77003)
|
craniofacial
• downward tilted zygomatic arch; zygomatic arch deformation is limited to the zygoma and not involved with the zygomatic processes of the maxilla and/or the squamosal bone
|
reproductive system
• female homozygotes are infertile
|
skeleton
• downward tilted zygomatic arch; zygomatic arch deformation is limited to the zygoma and not involved with the zygomatic processes of the maxilla and/or the squamosal bone
|
• shorter and thinner clavicles
• however, mice exhibit normal limb joints
|
• narrow thoracic cage
|
immune system
• in vitro, LPS-stimulated mutant peritoneal macrophages and fibroblasts exhibit impaired G-CSF mRNA induction as well as reduced G-CSF biological activity
• in vitro, mutant activated peritoneal macrophages (but not neutrophils) exhibit suppressed production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide relative to wild-type macrophages
• despite normal nitric oxide (NO) production, mutant peritoneal macrophages display severely impaired listericidal activity even when maximally activated in vitro with IFN-gamma plus LPS
• in vitro, mutant activated peritoneal macrophages exhibit extremely reduced tumoricidal and tumoristatic activity against P815 mastrocytoma target cells
|
• during listeriosis, homozygotes fail to retain L. monocytogenes effectively within their phagosomes, even when maximally activated in vitro with IFN-gamma plus LPS, with 84% of bacteria abnormally localized in the cytoplasm instead of in vacuoles
|
• macrophages stimulated with LPS, BLP, MALP-2, or CpG DNA produce more IL12p40 compared with similarly treated wild-type cells
|
• despite normal TNF and IFN-gamma induction, homozygotes succumb to sublethal doses of Listeria monocytogenes, with a 100% mortality rate within 5 days of i.p. inoculation and focal accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the liver and spleen
• in addition, homozygotes are highly susceptible to sublethal doses of Salmonella typhimurium, with a 100% mortality rate within 6 days of i.p. injection and a similar focal accumulation of inflammatory cells in the liver and spleen
|
adipose tissue
• at 20 hrs after birth, newborn homozygotes exhibit a significantly reduced intracytoplasmic lipid content in intercapsular brown adipocytes
• in mutant BAT, the presence of only small lipid droplets suggests that adipocyte differentiation is blocked at the immature adipocyte stage
|
cellular
• in response to hormonal stimulants, mutant embryonic fibroblasts show a significant reduction in adipogenic differentiation and accumulation of lipid droplets relative to wild-type fibroblasts
|
• during listeriosis, homozygotes fail to retain L. monocytogenes effectively within their phagosomes, even when maximally activated in vitro with IFN-gamma plus LPS, with 84% of bacteria abnormally localized in the cytoplasm instead of in vacuoles
|
hematopoietic system
• in vitro, LPS-stimulated mutant peritoneal macrophages and fibroblasts exhibit impaired G-CSF mRNA induction as well as reduced G-CSF biological activity
• in vitro, mutant activated peritoneal macrophages (but not neutrophils) exhibit suppressed production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide relative to wild-type macrophages
• despite normal nitric oxide (NO) production, mutant peritoneal macrophages display severely impaired listericidal activity even when maximally activated in vitro with IFN-gamma plus LPS
• in vitro, mutant activated peritoneal macrophages exhibit extremely reduced tumoricidal and tumoristatic activity against P815 mastrocytoma target cells
|
• during listeriosis, homozygotes fail to retain L. monocytogenes effectively within their phagosomes, even when maximally activated in vitro with IFN-gamma plus LPS, with 84% of bacteria abnormally localized in the cytoplasm instead of in vacuoles
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
osteochondrodysplasia | DOID:2256 | J:237461 |