Analysis Tools
endocrine/exocrine glands
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• ~4% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop pheochromocytomas versus 0% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• ~4% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop mammary adenocarcinomas versus 0% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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hematopoietic system
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• in some cases, anemic G1 and G2 male hemizygotes display a decrease in myeloid cells, as revealed in BM cytospin preparations
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• G1 male hemizygotes exhibit extramedullary hematopoieis associated with splenomegaly
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• starting at 6 months of age, ~60% of G1 and G2 male hemizygotes display severe anemia
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• at 8 months of age, anemic G1 and G2 male hemizygotes show a mean BM cellularity of 67.8 7.1% versus 87.3 5.7% in wild-type control mice
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• at 8 months of age, anemic G1 and G2 male hemizygotes show a decrease in erythroid cells (CD71 and TER119 double-positive cells), as revealed by flow cytometric analysis
• BM colony-forming assays indicate a significant reduction of erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-Es) relative to wild-type control mice
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• at 8 months of age, ~60% of G1 and G2 male hemizygotes exhibit a mean hemoglobin of 10.6 4 g/dl versus 15.1 1.7 g/dl in wild-type mice
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• some G1 and G2 male hemizygotes exhibit reduced platelet counts relative to wild-type control mice
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• starting at 6 months of age, ~60% of G1 and G2 male hemizygotes become mildly leukopenic as a result of lymphopenia, with a mean white blood cell count of 4526 3311 per l versus 8215 3795 per l in wild-type control mice
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• starting at 6 months of age, ~60% of G1 and G2 male hemizygotes are lymphopenic with a mean absolute number of lymphocytes equal to 2428 1978 per l versus 5352 2945 per l in wild-type control mice
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• at 8 months of age, some G1 and G2 male hemizygotes exhibit a specific reduction in B lymphocytes (CD3 and B220 positive cells) relative to wild-type control mice, as revealed by flow cytometric analysis
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• BM colony-forming assays indicate a significant reduction of pre- B colony-forming units (CFU-preBs) relative to wild-type control mice
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• G1-G2 male hemizygotes show total effacement of the architecture of splenic tissue, with loss of red and white pulp areas
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• G1-G2 male hemizygotes exhibit splenomegaly
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• G1 and G2 male hemizygotes exhibit bone marrow failure prior to the onset of disease
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immune system
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• starting at 6 months of age, ~60% of G1 and G2 male hemizygotes become mildly leukopenic as a result of lymphopenia, with a mean white blood cell count of 4526 3311 per l versus 8215 3795 per l in wild-type control mice
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• starting at 6 months of age, ~60% of G1 and G2 male hemizygotes are lymphopenic with a mean absolute number of lymphocytes equal to 2428 1978 per l versus 5352 2945 per l in wild-type control mice
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• at 8 months of age, some G1 and G2 male hemizygotes exhibit a specific reduction in B lymphocytes (CD3 and B220 positive cells) relative to wild-type control mice, as revealed by flow cytometric analysis
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• BM colony-forming assays indicate a significant reduction of pre- B colony-forming units (CFU-preBs) relative to wild-type control mice
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• G1-G2 male hemizygotes show total effacement of the architecture of splenic tissue, with loss of red and white pulp areas
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• G1-G2 male hemizygotes exhibit splenomegaly
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• G1 male hemizygotes show inflammatory cellular infiltrates in their lungs
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respiratory system
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• G1 male hemizygotes show inflammatory cellular infiltrates in their lungs
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• ~25% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop lung carcinomas versus less than 10% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• fusion of the alveolar spaces
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• thickening of the alveolar walls
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• G1 male hemizygotes exhibit disruption of the normal architecture of the lung parenchyma due to fusion of the alveolar spaces and thickening of the alveolar walls
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renal/urinary system
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• G1 male hemizygotes show a significant number of atrophic proximal tubules surrounded by sclerotic glomeruli
• glomerulosclerotic tufts display solidified areas and are adjacent to normal-appearing glomeruli
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• a significant number of atrophic proximal tubules is observed
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• G1 male hemizygotes show a significant number of atrophic proximal tubules surrounded by sclerotic glomeruli
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neoplasm
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• ~4% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop pheochromocytomas versus 0% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• ~17% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop B-cell lymphomas versus less than 4% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• 50% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes develop malignant tumors during their life-span
• common tumors include lung carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland; one case of renal cell carcinoma is observed
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• ~4% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop mammary adenocarcinomas versus 0% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• ~25% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop lung carcinomas versus less than 10% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• ~4% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop fibrosarcomas invading the skeletal muscle versus 0% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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cellular
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• 30% of early G4 male hemizygotes display a reduction of telomere length in primary B lymphocytes, as determined by flow-FISH analysis
• in addition, G4 male hemizygotes show a loss of telomere repeats on individual chromosome ends, as shown by quantitative-FISH analysis
• however, no changes in telomere length or in the relative number of telomere repeats are detected prior to G4
• reduced telomere length in early G4 hemizygotes is accompanied by a 40% decrease of telomerase activity in spleen-derived primary B lymphocytes along with a 1.2-fold reduction in mouse telomerase RNA levels
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• B lymphocytes from G1 and G2 male hemizygotes display impaired rRNA pseudouridylation and ribosome function prior to the onset of dyskeratosis congenita
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• early passage MEFs derived from G2 male hemizygotes are hypersensitive to drugs that inhibit translation, and undergo apoptosis at a significantly higher rate than wild-type MEFs
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adipose tissue
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• at 8 months of age, anemic G1 and G2 male hemizygotes show decreased BM cellularity along with a relative increase in adipose and fibrous tissue
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integument
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• ~4% of G1-G2 male hemizygotes (17-22 months of age) develop mammary adenocarcinomas versus 0% of wild-type mice (20-24 months of age)
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• 7 of 25 G1 male hemizygotes display an enlarged granular layer, as identified with anti-filaggrin antibody
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• 7 of 25 G1 male hemizygotes show an expansion of the spinal layer with keratinocytes showing prominent nuclei
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• 7 of 25 G1 male hemizygotes epidermal hyperplastic changes due to an expansion of the nucleated cell layers
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dyskeratosis
(
J:81054
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• 7 of 25 G1 male hemizygotes display dyskeratosis of the skin
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growth/size/body
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• G1-G2 male hemizygotes exhibit splenomegaly
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
| dyskeratosis congenita | DOID:2729 |
OMIM:PS127550 |
J:81054 | |
