mortality/aging
• few survive over a year of age due to spontaneous tumors
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neoplasm
• 90% of spontaneous tumors that develop in mutants are histiocytic lymphomas involving the spleen, peripancreatic and other lymph nodes or other sites
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• 9% of tumors that develop in mutants are malignant spindle cell neoplasms, most likely soft-tissue sarcomas
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cellular
• MEFs are susceptible to oncogenic transformation, show enhanced subcloning efficiency at low density, and resist both RAS- and culture-induced growth arrest
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