mortality/aging
• all mutants died by 13 weeks of age
|
growth/size/body
• decreased male mean body weight (6.6 g) compared to wild-type (23.6 g) at 11 weeks
|
• growth retardation significant by P17
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• higher alkaline phosphatase activity (990 vs. 238 U/l in wild-type)
|
• abnormal mineralization in various organs such as heart and kidney
|
• significantly higher serum phosphate levels (16.3 mg/dl) and serum 1,25(OH)2D3 (368.1 pg/ml) concentration than wild-type (9.6 mg/dl, 56.4 pg/ml respectively)
|
limbs/digits/tail
• increased osteoid formation in cortical bone
|
skeleton
• increased osteoid formation in cortical bone
|
• narrowed growth plates with decreased numbers of hypertrophic chondrocytes
|
• mutants displayed severe axial malformations
|
• increased woven bone formation and accumulation of osteoid
|
• increased woven bone formation and accumulation of osteoid
|
• increased whole-body bone mineral content
|
• bone mineral density was reduced in hindlimbs and forelimbs with lower volumetric bone mineral density of the femoral shaft and the femoral metaphysis
• reduction in bone mineral density increased over time
|
• lower volumetric bone mineral density of the femoral shaft and the femoral metaphysis
|
• reduction of hypertrophic chondrocytes from 6-10 cell layers in wild-type to 3-5 cell layers in mutants
|
• bone nodules were present at most ribs and paws and excessive mineral accumulation was found in areas surrounding the shaft of the radius and ulna
|
• bones were abnormally fragile and deformed
|