mortality/aging
• homozygotes generally die between 12 - 14 weeks of age with none surviving past 16 weeks of age
• in at least 3 homozygotes death resulted from bradyarrhythmia
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growth/size/body
• homozygotes display decreased weight gain starting around 4 weeks of age
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cardiovascular system
• loss of sarcomere organization is seen in cardiomyocytes and nuclear defects are seen
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• degeneration is associated with decreased fiber size, fragmentation, increased granular cytoplasm with loss of striation, and occasional vacuolation
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• dilation of the chambers is accompanied by thinning of the chamber walls
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• moderate degeneration of cardiac muscle but only very mild degeneration of skeletal muscle is seen
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• increased cardiac interstitial fibrosis is seen at 9 weeks of age; however, no increase in apoptosis is detected
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• increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide are seen
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• progressive decrease in ventricular fractional shortening is seen starting at 8 weeks of age and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension is significantly larger compared to controls when normalized to body weight
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• continuous electrocardiographic monitoring revealed periods of extreme bradycardia and excessive diurnal variation in heart rate in 8 week old mutants
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• continuous electrocardiographic monitoring revealed a variety of conduction abnormalities including 2 mice with progressive prolongations of the PR interval
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behavior/neurological
• just prior to death homozygotes display reduced activity
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muscle
• loss of sarcomere organization is seen in cardiomyocytes and nuclear defects are seen
|
• degeneration is associated with decreased fiber size, fragmentation, increased granular cytoplasm with loss of striation, and occasional vacuolation
|
• dilation of the chambers is accompanied by thinning of the chamber walls
|
• moderate degeneration of cardiac muscle but only very mild degeneration of skeletal muscle is seen
|
• increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide are seen
|
• progressive decrease in ventricular fractional shortening is seen starting at 8 weeks of age and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension is significantly larger compared to controls when normalized to body weight
|
integument
• just prior to death homozygotes appear slightly disheveled
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cellular
• increased cardiac interstitial fibrosis is seen at 9 weeks of age; however, no increase in apoptosis is detected
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
dilated cardiomyopathy 1A | DOID:0110425 |
OMIM:115200 |
J:100393 |