mortality/aging
• about 20% of heterozygotes develop a severe phenotype and die by E11.5; the rest develop a milder phenotype and are born alive
• Background Sensitivity: defects are less severe than when crossed into a Black Swiss background
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limbs/digits/tail
• at E9.5, in the more severe cases defects in hindlimb bud outgrowth are seen
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• on the forelimb multiple carpal bone defects are seen including reduced size of the trapezoid and capitate, fusion of the trapezoid with the adjacent digit 1 metacarpal, and abnormal junction of the digit 2 metacarpal with both the trapezoid and trapezium
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• defects are more severe on the hindlimb and include triphalangeal digit 1 or shortened digit 1
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• forelimb digit 1 proximal phalange is mildly elongated
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• forelimb digit 1 and digit 4 metacarpals are mildly elongated
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skeleton
• on the forelimb multiple carpal bone defects are seen including reduced size of the trapezoid and capitate, fusion of the trapezoid with the adjacent digit 1 metacarpal, and abnormal junction of the digit 2 metacarpal with both the trapezoid and trapezium
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• forelimb digit 1 proximal phalange is mildly elongated
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• forelimb digit 1 and digit 4 metacarpals are mildly elongated
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embryo
• at E9.5, in the more severe cases defects in hindlimb bud outgrowth are seen
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
Duane-radial ray syndrome | DOID:0060747 |
OMIM:607323 |
J:105332 |