mortality/aging
cardiovascular system
• E10 embryos show an absence of the left 6th aortic arch although the right 6th arch is normal
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• outflow tracts are shortened by about 17%, 18% and 22% at E10.5, E11.5, and E12.5, respectively
• exhibit increased apoptosis in outflow tract myocardium at E10
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• seen in 19 of 20 mutants at E18.5
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• seen in 1 of 20 mutants at E18.5
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• E12.5 and E18.5 hearts show atrial septal defects
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• ventricular septal defects
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embryo
• E10 embryos show an absence of the left 6th aortic arch although the right 6th arch is normal
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• marker analysis indicates that cardiac neural crest cells are present in the pharyngeal arches and the outflow tract but do not penetrate the outflow tract to the same extent as in wild-type
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craniofacial
• E10 embryos show an absence of the left 6th aortic arch although the right 6th arch is normal
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cellular
• marker analysis indicates that cardiac neural crest cells are present in the pharyngeal arches and the outflow tract but do not penetrate the outflow tract to the same extent as in wild-type
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